Mammalian Telomeres End in a Large Duplex Loop

@article{Griffith1999MammalianTE,
  title={Mammalian Telomeres End in a Large Duplex Loop},
  author={J. Griffith and L. Comeau and S. Rosenfield and R. M. Stansel and A. Bianchi and H. Moss and T. Lange},
  journal={Cell},
  year={1999},
  volume={97},
  pages={503-514}
}
Mammalian telomeres contain a duplex array of telomeric repeats bound to the telomeric repeat-binding factors TRF1 and TRF2. Inhibition of TRF2 results in immediate deprotection of chromosome ends, manifested by loss of the telomeric 3' overhang, activation of p53, and end-to-end chromosome fusions. Electron microscopy reported here demonstrated that TRF2 can remodel linear telomeric DNA into large duplex loops (t loops) in vitro. Electron microscopy analysis of psoralen cross-linked telomeric… Expand
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Telomere Organization and Nuclear Movements
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The telomeric cap structure prevents DNA damage checkpoint and repair mechanisms from treating telomeres as breaks, and their length is controlled by positive and negative regulators for the telomerase. Expand
Strand-Specific Postreplicative Processing of Mammalian Telomeres
TLDR
It is shown that TRF2-mediated end-capping occurs after telomere replication, a crucial difference in postreplicative processing of telomeres that is linked to their mode of replication. Expand
Interactions of TRF2 with model telomeric ends.
TLDR
It is suggested that T-loop formation at telomere ends involves TRF2 binding to the G-strand overhang and oligomerization through both the known TRFH domain and the linker region. Expand
Interstitial telomeric loops and implications of the interaction between TRF2 and lamin A/C.
TLDR
The roles of TRF2 and lamin A/C are reviewed and how their interaction may relate telomere homeostasis to cellular and organismal aging is considered. Expand
Taz1 Binding to a Fission Yeast Model Telomere
TLDR
In vitro results suggest that Taz1p binds the 3′ overhang then extrudes a loop that grows in size as the donut slides along the duplex DNA, resembling the pattern of TRF1 binding. Expand
p53 Binds Telomeric Single Strand Overhangs and t-Loop Junctionsin Vitro *
TLDR
P53 has an active role in telomere maintenance and structure through association with the t-loop junction, and a variety of single strand or Holliday junction-binding proteins did not facilitate t- loop formation. Expand
A RAP1/TRF2 complex inhibits nonhomologous end-joining at human telomeric DNA ends.
TLDR
Biochemical fractionation and reconstitution revealed that telomere protection is mediated by a RAP1/TRF2 complex, providing evidence for a direct role for human RAP 1 in the protection of telomeric DNA from NHEJ. Expand
Importance of TRF1 for Functional Telomere Structure*
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End-to-end fusions with detectable telomere signals at fusion points accumulated in TRF1-deficient cells strongly suggest that TRF 1 interacts with other telomer-binding molecules and integrates into the functional telomeres structure. Expand
Telomere-dependent chromosomal instability.
TLDR
Evidence is provided that in a length-independent manner telomeres can confer to genomic instability by forming telomericaggregates which through chromosomal dys-locations contribute to chromosomal aberrations. Expand
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