Male and female spoken language differences: Stereotypes and evidence.

@article{Haas1979MaleAF,
  title={Male and female spoken language differences: Stereotypes and evidence.},
  author={Adelaide Haas},
  journal={Psychological Bulletin},
  year={1979},
  volume={86},
  pages={616-626}
}
  • Adelaide Haas
  • Published 1 May 1979
  • Psychology
  • Psychological Bulletin
Male speech and female speech have been observed to differ in their form, topic, content, and use. Early writers were largely introspective in their analyses; more recent work has begun to provide empirical evidence. Men may be more loquacious and directive; they use more nonstandard forms, talk more about sports, money, and business, and more frequently refer to time, space, quantity, destructive action, perceptual attributes, physical movements, and objects. Women are often more supportive… 

Impression formation as a function of the sex role appropriateness of linguistic behavior

Differences between perceptions of men's and women's language were investigated. Undergraduates (64 male, 64 female) read 14 short stories with male or female speakers using seven categories of

An Investigation into the Relationships Gender and Language

The present investigation focused upon the impact of gender and various "powerful" and "'less powerful" linguistic features on the communication of unfamiliar male and female college students.

The bases for differing evaluations of male and female speech: Evidence from ratings of transcribed conversation

Studies of sex‐linked language variation devised to test Lakoff's genderlect theory have yielded inconsistent findings. Yet studies of evaluative reactions to the speech forms she hypothesized as

The Effects of Sex Dialects and Sex Stereotypes on Speech Evaluations

Two studies examined the effects of male and female 'dialects' and sex stereotypes on speech evaluations. Although sex-linked language effects have explained more evaluative variance than

LANGUAGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCE IN DISCOURSE

Many empirical researches on Gender and language have been conducted by numerous sociolinguists in order of finding out the relationship between them. These differences between women’s and men’s

An investigation into the relationships between gender and language

The present investigation focused upon the impact of gender and various “powerful” and “less powerful” linguistic features on the communication of unfamiliar male and female college students.

Gender, language, and influence

Mixed- and same-sex dyads were observed to examine effects of gender composition on language and of language on gender differences in influence. Ss discussed a topic on which they disagreed. Women

Effects of gender and topic on speech style

Male and female subjects described nine photographs that had been selected to be of interest to males, females, or both. The resulting speech samples were analyzed for the incidence of five features

Sex-related differences in the style of children's language

  • C. Staley
  • Psychology
    Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
  • 1982
Little real evidence of sex-related language differences exists for American English. Much of available contemporary literature concerning sex-related differences in the speech of American adults has

Sex Roles and Dirty Word Usage: A Review of the Literature and a Reply to Haas.

Haas reported on sex differences in male and female speech, noting that little evidence exists to distinguish between males' and females' use of dirty words. A careful review of the literature
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 81 REFERENCES

Sex, covert prestige and linguistic change in the urban British English of Norwich

ABSTRACT Women use linguistic forms associated with the prestige standard more frequently than men. One reason for this is that working-class speech has favourable connotations for male speakers.

Language and woman's place

ABSTRACT Our use of language embodies attitudes as well as referential meanings. ‘Woman's language’ has as foundation the attitude that women are marginal to the serious concerns of life, which are

Women's speech: Separate but unequal?

The stereotype concepts of the way women speak offer a rich variety of hypotheses to test. Some of these hypotheses are that women talk more than men, have a more limited vocabulary, have a more

Effects of age, sex, and partner on children's dyadic speech.

Average number of words per utterance and number of utterances were examined and the analysis of NU supported a hypothesis of interpersonal adaptation that tendency toward adaptation was positively related to the age of the speaker.

Social Influences on the Choice of a Linguistic Variant

were engaged in a study of child-rearing in a semi-rural New England village. In the course of the study I had occasion to record two or more interviews on Audograph discs or tapes, with each of the

SEX DIFFERENCES IN CHILD SPEECH: McCARTHY REVISITED

This paper critically reviews empirical studies of sex differences in preschool children's spontaneous speech at the levels of phonology, syntax/grammar, semantics, and conversational usage. A

Constructional Variety in the Spoken Language of School Children.

Summary Uncertainty scores (H and relative H) were computed for the verbs, noun phrases, and sentences produced by 180 children between the ages of 5 and 13 years on a story-telling task. Linear age

Computer content analysis of sex differences in the language of children

The results of the analysis of language samples of 144 randomly selected children from the entire kindergarten class of the Ithaca, New York, school system showed that boys produced significantly more language than did the girls as well as significantly more references to “aggression” and “female” references.

Verbal Productivity and Adjective Usage

A survey of free verbal productions of ninth-grade males and females fails to reveal differential use of qualifiers (high frequency adjectives) by social class, but girls for the most part use more

Some social aspects of paralanguage

  • W. M. Austin
  • Linguistics
    Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique
  • 1965
The term ‘paralanguage’ and the corresponding adjective ‘paralinguistic’ are less than ten years old but already they loom large in the study of animal communication. In one sense all non-language
...