Major evolutionary events in the origin and diversification of the fern genus Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae).

@article{Little2003MajorEE,
  title={Major evolutionary events in the origin and diversification of the fern genus Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae).},
  author={Damon P. Little and David S Barrington},
  journal={American journal of botany},
  year={2003},
  volume={90 3},
  pages={
          508-14
        }
}
Recent advances in molecular systematics of the ferns make it possible to address long-standing questions about classification of the major fern genera, such as the worldwide genus Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae), comprising at least 200 species. In this study we examined rbcL sequences and morphological characters from 55 fern taxa: 34 were from Polystichum and 21 were from other genera in the Dryopteridaceae. We found that Phanerophlebia, possibly including Polystichopsis, is the sister group… 
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Origin of Hawaiian Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) in the context of a world phylogeny.
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The origin of the Hawaiian species of Polystichum is the result of multiple migrations to the islands, rather than single migrations yielding nearly all the local diversity as in the angiosperms, which provides a modern test of the premise that propagule vagility has a central role in determining pattern of evolution.
Phylogeny of Chinese Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) based on chloroplast DNA sequence data (trnL-F and rps4-trnS)
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Three subclades resolved within Polystichum sensu stricto (s.s.) clade do not correspond with recent sectional classifications, and it is outlined the issues relevant to a new classification for the genus.
Molecular Phylogeny of the Polystichoid Ferns in Asia Based on Rbcl Sequences
TLDR
Morphologically, once-pinnate leaf dissection and reticulate venation appear to be ancestral in the polystichoid ferns.
Asian origin for Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) based on rbcL sequences
TLDR
The phylogenetic and divergence time estimation results lead us to suggest that Polystichum s.l. originated in Asia in the late Late Cretacous and migrated into other places in the world in early Eocene.
Using a multilocus phylogeny to test morphology-based classifications of Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae), one of the largest fern genera
TLDR
DNA sequences of five plastid loci of 177 accessions representing ca.
Inclusion of the Eastern Asia endemic genus Sorolepidium in Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae): Evidence from the chloroplast rbcL gene and morphological characteristics
TLDR
Molecular data establish that Sorolepidium is deeply nested within the large genus Polystichum and has a close relationship with P. duthiei and P. lachenense in the model-based analyses.
Phylogeny and biogeography of exindusiate Andean Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae).
TLDR
The monophyletic exindusiate Andean Polystichum lineage diverged from a Mexican lineage in the middle Miocene and diversified in the central Andes before dispersing northward, corresponding with episodes of uplift in the tropical Andes.
Molecular phylogeny of the endemic fern genera Cyrtomidictyum and Cyrtogonellum (Dryopteridaceae) from East Asia
TLDR
The recognition of Cyrtomidictyum as circumscribed initially, rather than expansion of the genus to include either several Polystichum species or Cyrtogonellum, some PolystICHum and Cyrtomium species is supported.
Paraphyly of Cyrtomium (Dryopteridaceae): evidence from rbcL and trnL-F sequence data
TLDR
Cyrtomium was resolved as paraphyletic, and a clade including subseries Balansana of Cyrtomium, Cyrtogonellum, Polystichum subacutidens and Cyrtomidictyum (the BCPC clade) and a second one containing Cyrtomia sensu stricto were monophyletic.
A well-sampled phylogenetic analysis of the polystichoid ferns (Dryopteridaceae) suggests a complex biogeographical history involving both boreotropical migrations and recent transoceanic dispersals.
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