Macular pigment and percentage of body fat.

@article{Nolan2004MacularPA,
  title={Macular pigment and percentage of body fat.},
  author={John M Nolan and Orla O’Donovan and Heather Kavanagh and Jim Stack and Michael Harrison and Annalouise Muldoon and John Mellerio and Stephen Beatty},
  journal={Investigative ophthalmology \& visual science},
  year={2004},
  volume={45 11},
  pages={
          3940-50
        }
}
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between percentage of body fat and macular pigment (MP) optical density. METHODS One hundred healthy subjects of ages between 22 and 60 years volunteered to participate in this study. MP optical density was measured psychophysically, serum lutein and zeaxanthin were quantified by HPLC, and dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Body fat was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA… 
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115 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
5
Background Citations
33
Methods Citations
3
Results Citations
9

115 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

The relationships between macular pigment optical density and its constituent carotenoids in diet and serum.
TLDR
The findings indicate that a retina predisposed to this condition may have an impaired ability to accumulate circulating Z, and the lack of MP in association with risk for ARM is indicated.
Relationships of Macular Pigment Optical Density With Plasma Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Diet in an Elderly Population: The Montrachet Study.
TLDR
It is suggested that plasma lutein is associated with MPOD after taking into account potential confounding factors in an elderly population, and a higher consumption of squash was associated with higher plasma lutenin and zeaxanthin.
Monthly Consistency of Macular Pigment Optical Density and Serum Concentrations of Lutein and Zeaxanthin
TLDR
Fluctuations in serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin, in the absence of dietary modification or supplementation, are associated with stable MP optical density.
Risk factors for age-related maculopathy are associated with a relative lack of macular pigment.
Association between various types of obesity and macular pigment optical density
TLDR
Lack of an association between MPOD and obesity in the South-Indian population was found, and a similar finding was also noted on age group- and gender-wise analyses.
The Relationship between Lutein and Zeaxanthin Status and Body Fat
TLDR
The results indicate that adiposity may affect the nutritional state of the retina and may be one of the reasons that obesity promotes age-related degenerative conditions ofThe retina.
The spatial profile of macular pigment in subjects from a Singapore Chinese population.
TLDR
A central dip inMP spatial profile was observed with older age and higher BMI, the two known risk factors for AMD, suggesting that atypical MP spatial profile may be associated with an increased risk of AMD.
Changes in macular pigment optical density and serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin in response to weight loss
TLDR
The finding that a reduction in body composition is related to increases in serum concentrations of L is consistent with the hypothesis that body fat acts as a reservoir for this carotenoid, and that weight loss can positively influence circulating carotanoid levels.
Measurement of macular pigment optical density in a healthy Chinese population sample.
TLDR
Macular pigment density measured by HFP tended to decline with aging in this healthy Chinese population sample, and females may have lower levels of MPOD than males.
Association of macular pigment optical density with risk factors for wet age-related macular degeneration in the Indian population
TLDR
Among the established risk factors of wet AMD, an association of smoking, UV index, and obesity with MPOD is found, whereas a positive association was found between dietary intake of carotenoids and MPOD.
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References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 69 REFERENCES
Macular pigment density is reduced in obese subjects.
TLDR
Higher body fat content and body mass index may be expected to influence the quantities of L and Z in the retina (measured as macular pigment optical density, MPOD), which tends to have lower retinal L andZ.
Macular pigment optical density in a midwestern sample.
Macular pigment density in relation to serum and adipose tissue concentrations of lutein and serum concentrations of zeaxanthin.
TLDR
In men, serum lutein remained significantly associated with MP density after adjustment for age, total cholesterol, body mass index, and smoking, and no relation in women.
Olestra consumption is not associated with macular pigment optical density in a cross-sectional volunteer sample in Indianapolis.
TLDR
Olestra intake over the past year in a cross-sectional volunteer sample in Indianapolis was not associated with MPOD or serum lutein and zeaxanthin before or after correction for significant covariates of MPOD.
Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in normal subjects and in age-related macular degeneration patients.
Serum antioxidants and age-related macular degeneration in a population-based case-control study.
TLDR
Very low levels of one (lycopene) but not other dietary carotenoids or tocopherols were related to ARMD, and lower levels of vitamin E in subjects with exudative macular degeneration compared with controls may be explained by higher levels of serum lipids.
Density of the Human Crystalline Lens is Related to the Macular Pigment Carotenoids, Lutein and Zeaxanthin
TLDR
An inverse relationship between these two variables suggests that lutein and zeaxanthin, or other dietary factors with which they are correlated, may retard age-related increases in lens density.
Macular pigment optical density in a Southwestern sample.
TLDR
The large number of individuals in this sample with low macular pigment density motivates the need for population-based assessment of the possibly poor nutritional state of the average American's retina.
Macular pigment and risk for age-related macular degeneration in subjects from a Northern European population.
TLDR
The two most important risk factors for AMD are associated with a relative absence of MP, consistent with the hypothesis that supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin may delay, avert, or modify the course of this disease.
Progression of age-related macular degeneration: association with body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio.
TLDR
Overall and abdominal obesity increased the risk for progression to advanced AMD, and more physical activity tended to decrease risk, while smoking ranged from 1.48 to 1.99, but were not statistically significant.
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