Machine Ethics: The Design and Governance of Ethical AI and Autonomous Systems
@article{Winfield2019MachineET, title={Machine Ethics: The Design and Governance of Ethical AI and Autonomous Systems}, author={Alan F. T. Winfield and Katina Michael and Jeremy V. Pitt and Vanessa Evers}, journal={Proc. IEEE}, year={2019}, volume={107}, pages={509-517} }
The so-called fourth industrial revolution and its economic and societal implications are no longer solely an academic concern, but a matter for political as well as public debate. Characterized as the convergence of robotics, AI, autonomous systems and information technology – or cyberphysical systems – the fourth industrial revolution was the focus of the World Economic Forum, at Davos, in 2016 [1] . Also in 2016 the US White House initiated a series of public workshops on artificial…
85 Citations
Ethics in AI and Autonomous System Applications Design
- ArtIEEE Transactions on Technology and Society
- 2020
This editorial provides examples of AI/AS applications and service offerings, examining the potential for embedding ethics in the design process to minimize end-user vulnerability.
Future Intelligent Autonomous Robots, Ethical by Design. Learning from Autonomous Cars Ethics
- Computer ScienceArXiv
- 2021
This work's recommendations of ethical requirements for autonomous cars can be used for other types of intelligent autonomous robots, with the caveat for social robots that require more research regarding interactions with the users.
Moral control and ownership in AI systems
- BusinessAI & SOCIETY
- 2020
AI systems are bringing an augmentation of human capabilities to shape the world. They may also drag a replacement of human conscience in large chunks of life. AI systems can be designed to leave…
Moral control and ownership in AI systems
- BusinessAI Soc.
- 2021
A mapping of the technological architectures that support AIS, under the specific focus of the moral agency is offered, providing a discussion for developers and researchers to understand how and under what circumstances the ‘human subject’ may, totally or partially, lose moral control and ownership over AI technologies.
Embedding Values in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems
- Computer ScienceMinds Mach.
- 2020
An account for determining when an AI system can be said to embody certain values is proposed, which understands embodied values as the result of design activities intended to embed those values in such systems.
AI in the Law: Towards Assessing Ethical Risks
- Computer Science2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)
- 2020
The scale of impact and adoption of AI systems in legal practice makes consideration of the ethics of these systems timely, and more detailed guidance on assessing the scope and scale of ethical risks is needed.
Artificial Social Ethics: Simulating Culture, Conflict, and Cooperation
- Sociology2020 Spring Simulation Conference (SpringSim)
- 2020
An "artificial social ethics" approach to addressing ethical concerns is proposed and illustrated in relation to three agent-based models implemented within the Artificial Society Analytics Platform.
Raising Ethical Machines
- Computer Science
- 2021
This chapter explores how all top-down approaches to implementing machine ethics are fundamentally limited and how bottom-up approaches, in particular, reinforcement learning methods, are not beset by the same problems as top- down approaches.
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 59 REFERENCES
Ethical governance is essential to building trust in robotics and artificial intelligence systems
- BusinessPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
- 2018
It is argued that ethical governance is essential to building public trust in robotics and AI, and proposed five pillars of good ethical governance are proposed.
On the Distinction between Implicit and Explicit Ethical Agency
- BusinessAIES
- 2018
Here the first steps towards a comprehensive definition of ethical agency in machines are made, by suggesting ways to distinguish between implicit and explicit forms ofethical agency.
An architecture for ethical robots inspired by the simulation theory of cognition
- Computer ScienceCognitive Systems Research
- 2018
Designing a Value-Driven Future for Ethical Autonomous and Intelligent Systems
- BusinessProceedings of the IEEE
- 2019
IEEE’s work in this arena is described, including the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems, the IEEE TechEthics program, theEEE P7000 Standards Series focused on A/IS issues, Digital Inclusion through Trust and Agency, and the ongoing work of the IEEE Society on Social Implications of Technology.
Towards an Ethical Robot: Internal Models, Consequences and Ethical Action Selection
- Computer ScienceTAROS
- 2014
It is shown that with the addition of an ‘ethical’ action selection mechanism a robot can sometimes choose actions that compromise its own safety in order to prevent a second robot from coming to harm.
Principles of robotics: regulating robots in the real world
- Computer ScienceConnect. Sci.
- 2017
A set of five ethical principles, together with seven high-level messages, as a basis for responsible robotics.
Toward the Agile and Comprehensive International Governance of AI and Robotics
- BusinessProc. IEEE
- 2019
Traditional regulatory approaches will either produce no regulation or bad regulation due to the "pacing problem" of fast-moving technologies.
The Case for an Ethical Black Box
- PhilosophyTAROS
- 2017
It is argued that an ethical black box will be critical to the process of discovering why and how a robot caused an accident, and thus an essential part of establishing accountability and responsibility.
Toward a General Logicist Methodology for Engineering Ethically Correct Robots
- Computer ScienceIEEE Intelligent Systems
- 2006
Faced with the challenge of engineering ethically correct robots, a logic-based approach is proposed and successfully implemented, and a general methodology to answer the ethical questions that arise in entrusting robots with more and more of the authors' welfare is presented.
Prolegomena to any future artificial moral agent
- PhilosophyJ. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell.
- 2000
The ethical disputes are surveyed, the possibility of a ‘moral Turing Test’ is considered and the computational difficulties accompanying the different types of approach are assessed.