MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH A NEW MYCOPLASMA SPECIES FROM CAPTIVE AMERICAN ALLIGATORS (ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS)

@inproceedings{Clippinger2009MORBIDITYAM,
  title={MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH A NEW MYCOPLASMA SPECIES FROM CAPTIVE AMERICAN ALLIGATORS (ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS)},
  author={Tracy L. Clippinger and R. Avery Bennett and Calvin M. Johnson and Kent A Vliet and Sharon L. Deem and Jorge Or{\'o}s and Elliott R. Jacobson and Isabella M. Schumacher and Daniel Roberto Brown and Mary Bomberger Brown},
  booktitle={Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine},
  year={2009}
}
Abstract Nine of 74 American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from a captive Florida herd of 3–4-m-long, 200–350-kg, adult males greater than 30 yr of age died within a 10-day period during 1995. Nonspecific clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy, muscle weakness, paraparesis, bilateral white ocular discharge, and various degrees of periocular, facial, cervical, and limb edema. Pneumonia, pericarditis, and arthritis were found on postmortem evaluation of the spontaneously dead and… 
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PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL MYCOPLASMOSIS IN AMERICAN ALLIGATORS

The findings confirm that M. alligatoris can cause fulminant inflammatory disease and rapid death of alligators.

WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTION IN FARMED AMERICAN ALLIGATORS (ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS) IN FLORIDA

Three affected American alligators were euthanatized and necropsied, and results confirmed infection with West Nile virus (WNV), suggesting alligators may serve as a vertebrate amplifying host for WNV.

Yokenella regensburgei, a novel pathogen in farmed American alligators

Data suggest the respiratory tract may be a primary target system and could be involved in transmission, either through exhaled bacteria or through swallowing of contaminated respiratory fluids with passage through the feces in alligators.

IN VITRO DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF MYCOPLASMA ALLIGATORIS ISOLATED FROM SYMPTOMATIC AMERICAN ALLIGATORS (ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS)

The in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration for nine antibacterial agents was determined through serial dilution in broth and plate culture for M. alligatoris isolates.

EXPERIMENTAL INOCULATION OF BROAD-NOSED CAIMANS (CAIMAN LATIROSTRIS) AND SIAMESE CROCODILES (CROCODYLUS SIAMENSIS) WITH MYCOPLASMA ALLIGATORIS

  • G. PyeD. Brown R. Bennett
  • Biology, Medicine
    Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
  • 2001
The organism does not appear to be pathogenic for Siamese crocodiles and other species of crocodilians may be susceptible to infection with M. alligatoris, and this organism should be considered when the rapid onset of clinical signs of pneumonia, polyarthritis, pericarditis, and death occur.

SEROPREVALENCE OF MYCOPLASMA ALLIGATORIS AMONG FREE-RANGING ALLIGATORS (ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS) IN FLORIDA—2003

Results show that alligators throughout Florida have a recent history of exposure to M. alligatoris and suggest that contact with free-ranging alligators may constitute a risk of lethal infection of susceptible crocodilians.

Spreading Factors of Mycoplasma alligatoris, a Flesh-Eating Mycoplasma

The genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that the spreading factors hyaluronidase and sialidase, a combination unprecedented in mycoplasmas, are the basis of the virulence of M. alligatoris.

Efficacy data of halogenated phenazine and quinoline agents and an NH125 analogue to veterinary mycoplasmas

A number of promising agents from novel drug classes with potential applications to treat veterinary mycoplasma infections are highlighted and present the opportunity to evaluate preliminary pharmacokinetic indices using M. pulmonis in rodents as an animal model of human infection.

Use of serology in reptile medicine

Of the various serologic tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is becoming the test with the most application, and ELISA is relatively simple and has certain positive attributes such as high sensitivity and specificity.

Long-term and per rectum disposition of Clarithromycin in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii).

Results support accumulation of CLARI after repeated oral dosing and indicate that stable concentrations are reached long-term, and pharmacokinetic studies in exotic species should include multidose studies to verify initial kinetic estimates from single-dose trends.

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