Lysogenic Conversion by a Filamentous Phage Encoding Cholera Toxin

@article{Waldor1996LysogenicCB,
  title={Lysogenic Conversion by a Filamentous Phage Encoding Cholera Toxin},
  author={Matthew K. Waldor and John J. Mekalanos},
  journal={Science},
  year={1996},
  volume={272},
  pages={1910 - 1914}
}
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, requires two coordinately regulated factors for full virulence: cholera toxin (CT), a potent enterotoxin, and toxin-coregulated pili (TCP), surface organelles required for intestinal colonization. The structural genes for CT are shown here to be encoded by a filamentous bacteriophage (designated CTXΦ), which is related to coliphage M13. The CTXΦ genome chromosomally integrated or replicated as a plasmid. CTXΦ used TCP as its receptor and infected… 
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Filamentous phages linked to virulence of Vibrio cholerae.
ToxR-Independent Expression of Cholera Toxin from the Replicative Form of CTXφ
TLDR
It is learned that strains harboring the CTXφ replicative form produce cholera toxin under all conditions tested, independently of ToxR.
Convergence of the secretory pathways for cholera toxin and the filamentous phage, CTXphi.
TLDR
The outer membrane component of this system, EpsD, was shown to be required for secretion of the phage as well, and plays a role both in pathogenicity and in horizontal transfer of a key virulence gene.
CTXφ and Vibrio cholerae: exploring a newly recognized type of phage–host cell relationship
The genes encoding cholera toxin, one of the principal virulence factors of the diarrhoeal pathogen Vibrio cholerae, are part of the genome of CTXφ, a filamentous bacteriophage. Thus, CTXφ has played…
Regulation of virulence in Vibrio cholerae.
  • K. Klose
  • Biology, Medicine
    International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM
  • 2001
TLDR
In vivo studies have revealed interesting differences between the regulation of TCP and CT expression in the laboratory and within the intestine.
The role of filamentous CTXphi bacteriophage in Vibrio cholerae genetics and diversity
Cholera toxin is the most important virulence factor of epidemic Vibrio cholerae strains. It is encoded by ctxAB operon that is a part of the genome of a filamentous bacteriophage (CTXphi). This…
Examination of Diverse Toxin-Coregulated Pilus-Positive Vibrio cholerae Strains Fails To Demonstrate Evidence for Vibrio Pathogenicity Island Phage
TLDR
Results contradict the previous report regarding VPIΦ-mediated horizontal transfer of the TCP genes and suggest that the TCP island is unable to support the production of phage particles.
The complexity of ToxT-dependent transcription in Vibrio cholerae
TLDR
Current knowledge of transcriptional activation by ToxT and the environmental stimuli that allow ToxTs to regulate virulence gene expression are reviewed, resulting in cholera pathogenesis.
Regulation of virulence in Vibrio cholerae: the ToxR regulon.
TLDR
The virulence factors toxin coregulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin (CT) are essential for colonization of the host and enterotoxicity, respectively.
CTX phage of Vibrio cholerae: Genomics and applications.
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References

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TLDR
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