Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation: UK Biobank data

@article{Amaral2016LowerLF,
  title={Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation: UK Biobank data},
  author={Andr{\'e} F. S. Amaral and David P. Strachan and Francisco G{\'o}mez Real and Peter G. J. Burney and Deborah L. Jarvis},
  journal={European Respiratory Journal},
  year={2016},
  volume={48},
  pages={1288 - 1297}
}
Little is known about the effect of cessation of menstruation on lung function. The aims of the study were to examine the association of lung function with natural and surgical cessation of menstruation, and assess whether lower lung function is associated with earlier age at cessation of menstruation. The study was performed in 141 076 women from the UK Biobank, who had provided acceptable and reproducible spirometry measurements and information on menstrual status. The associations of lung… 
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Multiple female reproductive health indicators across the life course are associated with COPD-related hospitalisation/death and lung function, and associations with polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS/ovarian cysts, HRT and hysterectomy were in opposing directions.
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The decline in lung function was less rapid in women who used HRT, following a dose-response pattern, and consistent when adjusting for potential confounding factors, which may signify that female sex hormones are of importance for lung ageing.
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The findings generally support an association between menopause and clinically significant reductions in lung function in a non-obstructive pattern, however, the effects of menophere are clouded by aging, menopausal hormone therapy use, and increased risk of metabolic syndrome during this period.
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The ten studies investigated the impacts of parity on spirometric parameters presented some limitations that made data interpretation relatively difficult, and future research is encouraged to identify the "real" impact of parity.
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