Look-ahead fixations in curve driving

@article{Lehtonen2013LookaheadFI,
  title={Look-ahead fixations in curve driving},
  author={Esko Lehtonen and Otto Lappi and Henri Kotkanen and Heikki Summala},
  journal={Ergonomics},
  year={2013},
  volume={56},
  pages={34 - 44}
}
Two functionally distinct types of fixation, guiding fixations and look-ahead fixations, have been identified in naturalistic tasks based on their temporal relationship to the task execution. In car driving, steering through a curve is guided by fixations toward a region located 1–2 s in the future, but drivers also make fixations further along the road. We recorded drivers' eye movements while they drove an instrumented vehicle on curved rural roads and developed a method to quantify lead time… 
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Effect of driving experience on anticipatory look-ahead fixations in real curve driving.
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The analysis of gaze distributions relative to bend sections and driving conditions indicate that visual anticipation is most prominent before entering the bend, supporting the idea that gaze and steering coordination may be strongly impacted in autonomous vehicles.
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A study of naturalistic driving, in which the FP in the field of view is explicitly modeled, and the TP and reference points on the FP are simultaneously analyzed as potential gaze targets to prompt a critical reassessment of the empirical case for the ubiquity of looking at the TP.
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Scan path analysis is applied to investigate sequences of visual scanning in manual and highly automated simulated driving to shed new light on the gaze patterns engaged while driving.
Future path and tangent point models in the visual control of locomotion in curve driving.
TLDR
Empirical and theoretical work in the past 20 years on the visual control of steering a vehicle along a winding path-one of the most comprehensively studied forms of visually guided locomotion in humans is reviewed.
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A major unresolved question in understanding visually guided locomotion in humans is whether actions are driven solely by the immediately available optical information (model-free online control…
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The findings can be utilized in context-aware distraction mitigation systems, human–automated vehicle interaction, road speed prediction and design, as well as in the testing of visual in-vehicle tasks for inappropriate in-Vehicle glancing behaviors in any dynamic traffic scenario for which appropriate individual occlusion distances can be defined.
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