Long biceps tendon: normal position, shape, and orientation in its groove in neutral position and external and internal rotation.

@article{Buck2011LongBT,
  title={Long biceps tendon: normal position, shape, and orientation in its groove in neutral position and external and internal rotation.},
  author={Florian M. Buck and Tobias Johannes Dietrich and Donald L. Resnick and Bernhard Jost and Christian W A Pfirrmann},
  journal={Radiology},
  year={2011},
  volume={261 3},
  pages={
          872-81
        }
}
PURPOSE To characterize the position, shape, and orientation of the long biceps tendon (LBT) on transverse magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired in neutral position and in maximal external and internal rotation of the shoulder in asymptomatic volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Informed consent was obtained from all volunteers for this institutional review board-approved study. Fifty-three asymptomatic volunteers (mean age, 33 years; age range, 21-58 years) were included. The position of the… 
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The influence of bicipital groove morphology on the stability of the long head of the biceps tendon
TLDR
A shallow bicipital groove, identified by the larger opening angle, smaller medial angle, and shallower depth, may represent a predisposing factor for biceps tendon instability.
Intra-articular long head of the biceps tendon: magnetic resonance-arthrography classification and review of literature
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A relationship exists between LHB anomalies and superior shoulder instability and MR-arthrography is useful in the evaluation of superior shoulder structures.
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TLDR
The aponeurotic expansion of the supraspinatus tendon can be identified with MRI or ultrasound in about half of the shoulders, and courses anteriorly and laterally to the long head of the biceps tendon, outside its synovial sheath.
Clinical Anatomy, Biomechanics, Physiologic Function, History, Examination, and Radiographic Evaluation of the Biceps
TLDR
The function of the long head of the biceps tendon may be more of a proprioceptive one, although significant stress may arise when the rotator cuff is insufficient.
Detour sign in the diagnosis of subluxation of the long head of the biceps tendon with arthroscopic correlation.
TLDR
The detour sign based on axial MRI may be regarded an additional useful anatomical feature that improves the diagnostic performance of MRI in the identification of SLBT lesions.
Accuracy of MRI in diagnosing intra-articular pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon: results with a large cohort of patients
TLDR
The standard non-enhancing 3 T MRI had a high diagnostic value in preoperative detection of LHBT pathology and the single diagnostic sign with the highest sensitivity was alteration of signal intensity in the parasagittal view.
Long head biceps tendon instability: diagnostic performance of known and new MRI diagnostic signs
TLDR
These diagnostic signs, both known and new, individually and/or in combination provide a valid tool in the MRI diagnosis of long head biceps tendon instability.
Disorders of the long head of the biceps: tenotomy versus tenodesis☆
Disorders of the Rotator Interval: Coracohumeral Ligament and Biceps Tendon
TLDR
Surgical options, mainly for those with long head of biceps tendon related parts, are described and Contractures are typically treated nonsurgically, whereas laxity is often combined with anterior-interior instability and may warrant possible surgical intervention.
Accuracy of long head of the biceps subluxation as a predictor for subscapularis tears.
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