Long‐term retention of self‐recognition by chimpanzees

@article{Calhoun1988LongtermRO,
  title={Long‐term retention of self‐recognition by chimpanzees},
  author={Suzanne Calhoun and Robert Lee Thompson},
  journal={American Journal of Primatology},
  year={1988},
  volume={15}
}
Two young chimpanzees showed retention of self‐recognition after 1 year without access to mirrors. A year earlier the animals were positive on the Gallup dye test. One year later they were once again anesthetized, marked on the brow and ears, and following recovery, exposed individually to a large mirror. Both demonstrated mirror‐orientated mark‐directed responses. Time‐sample observations of behavior toward the mirror further support self‐recognition. The chimpanzee's self‐awareness, as… 
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Development of self-recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
TLDR
The results suggest that self-recognition occurs at a slightly older age in chimpanzees than in human infants, and conform to the general pattern that great apes exhibit many cognitive skills comparable to those of 2-year-old humans.
Do rhesus monkeys recognize themselves in mirrors?
TLDR
It is concluded that the article fails to provide acceptable evidence for self‐recognition in rhesus monkeys.
Not all chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) show self-recognition
TLDR
There are individual differences in mirror recognition behavior in chimpanzees, and that further consideration of the factors contributing to this phenomenon is needed, including the development of additional tests for self-recognition.
Toward a Comparative Psychology of Self-Awareness: Species Limitations and Cognitive Consequences
The first published report of mirror self-recognition in a nonhuman appeared in the literature several decades ago (Gallup, 1970). Subsequent to the original demonstration in chimpanzees, a large…
An 8-year longitudinal study of mirror self-recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
TLDR
The results show that mirror self-recognition is a highly stable trait in many chimpanzees, but may be subject to decline with age, suggesting a marked decline in self- Recognition in middle to late adulthood.
Chimpanzees recognize themselves in mirrors
Abstract Heyes’ (1994, Anim. Behav., 97, 909–919; 1995, Anim. Behav., 50, 1533–1542) recent account of chimpanzees’, Pan troglodytes, reactions to mirrors challenged the view that they are capable of…
Self-recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): distribution, ontogeny, and patterns of emergence
: Investigations of mirror self-recognition (SR) in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have had small samples and divergent methods. In Experiment 1, 105 chimpanzees (10 months to 40 years of age) were…
Mirror self-recognition: a review and critique of attempts to promote and engineer self-recognition in primates
TLDR
It is concluded that to date there is no compelling evidence that prosimians, monkeys, or lesser apes—gibbons and siamangs—are capable of mirror self-recognition.
Self-recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): distribution, ontogeny, and patterns of emergence.
TLDR
Results suggest that SR typically emerges at 4.5-8 years of age, at the population level the capacity declines in adulthood, and in group settings SR typically occurs within minutes of a subject's exposure to a mirror.
The mirror test
Can animals recognize themselves in mirrors? Gallup (1970) conducted an experimental test of this question using a relatively simple approach. Individually housed chimpanzees were confronted with a…
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