Localization of human sensorimotor cortex during surgery by cortical surface recording of somatosensory evoked potentials.

@article{Wood1988LocalizationOH,
  title={Localization of human sensorimotor cortex during surgery by cortical surface recording of somatosensory evoked potentials.},
  author={Charles C. Wood and Dennis D. Spencer and Truett Allison and Gregory McCarthy and Peter D. Williamson and William R. Goff},
  journal={Journal of neurosurgery},
  year={1988},
  volume={68 1},
  pages={
          99-111
        }
}
The traditional means of localizing sensorimotor cortex during surgery is Penfield's procedure of mapping sensory and motor responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the cortical surface. This procedure can accurately localize sensorimotor cortex but is time-consuming and best carried out in awake, cooperative patients. An alternative localization procedure is presented that involves cortical surface recordings of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP's), providing accurate and rapid… 
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Intra-Operative Mapping of the Motor Cortex During Surgery in and Around the Motor Cortex
TLDR
Combining SEP-PR and MCS with the recording of phase reversal of somatosensory evoked potentials allowed intra-operative localization of the sensorimotor cortex in 100% of the cases.
Cortical somatosensory evoked potential mapping
Localization of the face area of human sensorimotor cortex by intracranial recording of somatosensory evoked potentials.
TLDR
A method of localizing the sensory and motor peri-rolandic cortex representing the face and intraoral structures is described and in general agreement with the results of cortical stimulation in humans and single-unit recordings in monkeys.
Localisation of the sensorimotor cortex during surgery for brain tumours: feasibility and waveform patterns of somatosensory evoked potentials
TLDR
The SEP phase reversal of N20-P20 is a simple and reliable technique, but the success rate is much lower in large central and postcentral tumours and with the use of polyphasic late waveforms the sensorimotor cortex may be localised.
Functional localization of sensorimotor cortex by somatosensory evoked potentials produced by femoral nerve stimulation.
TLDR
It is hypothesize that stimulating the contralateral femoral nerve to produce SSEPs and then analyzing the distribution of the S SEPs may provide a method for functional localization of the sensorimotor cortex around the interhemispheric fissure during craniotomy.
Comparison Between Monopolar and Bipolar Electrical Stimulation of the Motor Cortex
TLDR
Intra-operative neurophysiological techniques allow reliable identification of the sensorimotor region and make their anatomical and functional preservation feasible and both methods are equally sensitive for mapping the primary motor cortex.
Localization of functional regions of human mesial cortex by somatosensory evoked potential recording and by cortical stimulation.
Somatosensory evoked potentials for intraoperative mapping of the sensorimotor cortex
Somatosensory evoked potential phase reversal and direct motor cortex stimulation during surgery in and around the central region.
TLDR
It can be concluded that the combination of SEP phase reversal and modified electrical cortex stimulation is compatible with general anesthesia, although anesthesia was not systematically controlled according to a protocol.
Functional anatomy of human hand sensorimotor cortex from spatiotemporal analysis of electrocorticography.
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References

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TLDR
The current method of localizing somatosensory and motor cortex during neurosurgical removal of abnormal tissue is Penfield's method of cortical stimulation, but it occasionally fails in patients with tumors abutting or invading the hand area of sensorimotor cortex.
Localization in somatic sensory and motor areas of human cerebral cortex as determined by direct recording of evoked potentials and electrical stimulation.
TLDR
This study is unique in that cutaneous receptive fields related to specific cortical sites were defined by mechanical stimulation, as is done in animals, in contrast to electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves at fixed sites, as in scalp EP recordings.
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Cortical sensory potentials have been evoked under general anesthesia by median nerve stimulation and direct cortical stimulation of the motor cortex in 35 consecutive patients with mass lesions in…
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TLDR
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TLDR
A group of patients who had selective cortical ablations for epilepsy afforded a unique opportunity in that some required excision of the somatosensory hand area, either alone, or in addition to other tissue, thus enabling us to compare the effects of such ablations, on the scalp response, with that of other cerebral excisions.
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
A method is described which utilizes the recording of somatosensory evoked responses and cortical stimulation to localize the sensorimotor area under general anesthesia and the neurological results are discussed, demonstrating multiple and spatially separate, sensory and motor representations of the body in the somatoensory and motor gyri.
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TLDR
Fields and potentials occurring 20 to 30 milliseconds after median nerve stimulation in human subjects were compared in order to investigate the sources of evoked potential components that have been attributed by different investigators to the thalamus or thalamocortical afferents, to separate radial sources in somatosensory cortex and motor cortex, or to a tangential source in somatic cortex.
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TLDR
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