Lithium nephrotoxicity revisited

@article{Grnfeld2009LithiumNR,
  title={Lithium nephrotoxicity revisited},
  author={Jean Pierre Gr{\"u}nfeld and Bernard C Rossier},
  journal={Nature Reviews Nephrology},
  year={2009},
  volume={5},
  pages={270-276}
}
Lithium is widely used to treat bipolar disorder. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is the most common adverse effect of lithium and occurs in up to 40% of patients. Renal lithium toxicity is characterized by increased water and sodium diuresis, which can result in mild dehydration, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and renal tubular acidosis. The concentrating defect and natriuretic effect develop within weeks of lithium initiation. After years of lithium exposure, full-blown nephropathy… 
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LITHIUM NEPHROTOXICITY
TLDR
The aim of this study was to review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, histopathological aspects and treatment of lithium-induced nephrotoxicity and to clarify the mechanisms by which lithium induces changes in renal function.
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Chronic lithium exposure is predominantly associated with chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy (CTN), characterized by lesions of interstitial fibrosis, thickened tubular basement membranes, and…
Lithium induce nephropathy; an updated review
Abstract Lithium is an effective and useful treatment for bipolar disorder and some central nervous system diseases. It has a narrow therapeutic index which results to acute and/or chronic…
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TLDR
The aim of this work is to review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, histopathologic aspects and treatment of lithium nephrotoxicity.
Lithium and nephrotoxicity: a literature review of approaches to clinical management and risk stratification
TLDR
This paper will elucidate on the current evidence pertaining to the topic of the clinical management of lithium induced nephrotoxicity and provide a guide for clinicians who are faced with the long-term management of these patients.
Targeting renal purinergic signalling for the treatment of lithium‐induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
TLDR
Findings may pave the way for the development of better and safer methods for the treatment of NDI by bringing a paradigm shift in the approach from the current therapies that predominantly counter the anti‐AVP effects to those that enhance the sensitivity of the kidney to AVP action.
What we need to know about the effect of lithium on the kidney.
TLDR
In experimental models of acute kidney injury and glomerular disease, lithium has antiproteinuric, kidney protective, and reparative effects, which may be partially explained by lower lithium doses and short duration of therapy.
Complications métaboliques et rénales chroniques du traitement par sels de lithium
Severe hypernatraemia associated with lithium treatment.
Acetazolamide Attenuates Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus.
TLDR
CA activity contributes to lithium- NDI development, and acetazolamide attenuates lithium-NDI development in mice similar to thiazide/amiloride but with fewer adverse effects.
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