Let it be sexual: how health care transmission of AIDS in Africa was ignored

@article{Gisselquist2003LetIB,
  title={Let it be sexual: how health care transmission of AIDS in Africa was ignored},
  author={David Gisselquist and John J. Potterat and Stuart Brody and François Vachon},
  journal={International Journal of STD \& AIDS},
  year={2003},
  volume={14},
  pages={148 - 161}
}
The consensus among influential AIDS experts that heterosexual transmission accounts for 90% of HIV infections in African adults emerged no later than 1988. We examine evidence available through 1988, including risk measures associating HIV with sexual behaviour, health care, and socioeconomic variables, HIV in children, and risks for HIV in prostitutes and STD patients. Evidence permits the interpretation that health care exposures caused more HIV than sexual transmission. In general… 
View on SAGE
contraception.fr
153 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
8
Background Citations
38
Methods Citations
1
Results Citations
1

Tables from this paper

153 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

The role of health care in the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa: evidence from Kenya.
TLDR
It is shown that Kenyan women who received prophylactic tetanus toxoid injections during pregnancy are 1.89 times more likely to be HIV-1 seropositive than women who did not receive this vaccination.
The role of health care in the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa: evidence from Kenya
TLDR
It is shown that Kenyan women who received prophylactic tetanus toxoid injections during pregnancy are more likely to be HIV-1 seropositive than women who did not receive this vaccination, consistent with health care being a very important vector for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.
Does selected ecological evidence give a true picture of HIV transmission in Africa?
TLDR
In countries with generalized HIV epidemics, it is urged that research projects in Africa disclose unpublished relevant evidence on risks for incident HIV, and public education about the risks for HIV acquisition from unsterile health care is urged.
The evidence for health-care transmission of HIV in Africa should determine prevention priorities
TLDR
Recommendation to reallocate resources to address health-care transmission of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa is not only supported by the data but also by that of other well-conducted studies.
Let it be sexual: health care transmission of AIDS in Africa was ignored
TLDR
Promotion of safe injection practices to prevent transmission of HIV infection will also help in addressing the issue of stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS and bring them back into the mainstream of the society.
AIDS epidemiology in Africa: a changing of the guard
  • J. Potterat
  • Medicine
    International journal of STD & AIDS
  • 2009
With recent implementation of studies specifically designed to empirically assess the contribution of both sexual and blood-borne exposures to local HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, and with…
Review of evidence from risk factor analyses associating HIV infection in African adults with medical injections and multiple sexual partners
TLDR
Empirical resolution of ongoing debates may be possible with the aid of future research that investigates risks for HIV transmission through a full range of sexual and parenteral exposures with attention to reverse causation, confound, and quality of sexual behaviour data.
Assessing the role of anal intercourse in the epidemiology of AIDS in Africa
TLDR
It is argued that both homosexuality and heterosexual anal intercourse are more prevalent in Africa than has traditionally been believed and properly conducted studies to measure this HIV transmission vector are clearly warranted.
Sexually Transmitted Infections, Sexual Behavior, and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic
Forty million people are infected with HIV worldwide; twenty-five million of them are in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper addresses the question of why Africa has been so heavily affected by HIV, and…
Race, Sex, and the Neglected Risks for Women and Girls in Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract Global AIDS policy has failed to stop the spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa because prevention programs are limited by an unscientific theory of disease causation, which assumes that…
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 140 REFERENCES
Epidemiology of HIV infection in Africa.
  • B. N'galy, R. Ryder
  • Medicine, Biology
    Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes
  • 1988
TLDR
As the epidemiology of HIV infection becomes better understood, other opportunities for technologically appropriate, cost-effective interventions will become available and will facilitate African HIV control and prevention programs.
The Myth of Heterosexual AIDS
TLDR
As Michael Fumento depicts in this work, concern over the spread of HIV, the agent that causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has infiltrated governmental health care agencies, often at the expense of other health problems.
Iatronic AIDS: unsafe medical practices and the HIV epidemic.
TLDR
It is pointed out that unhygienic hospital conditions and medical carelessness may be more important than coitus in explaining the AIDS epidemic in the developing world and conditions at TB centers be reviewed before concluding that TB follows HIV infection.
Risk factors associated with HIV infection in Uganda.
TLDR
The view that heterosexual contact is the predominant mode of transmission in Uganda is supported and the main risk factors relate to high-risk heterosexual behavior is suggested.
AIDS in Africa: emerging trends.
The epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Africa.
  • P. Imperato
  • Medicine
    New York state journal of medicine
  • 1986
TLDR
Until a large body of well-designed epidemiologic studies has been accumulated, it is premature to come to any conclusions about the epidemiology of African AIDS or to extrapolate predictions regarding the future course of AIDS in Europe and the US from current trends in Africa.
Human immunodeficiency virus transmission among heterosexual couples in Central Africa.
TLDR
Discriminant analysis showed that STD, sexual contacts with prostitutes and the number of previous unions are the most powerful independent variables associated with the seropositivity of the couples.
Bidirectional heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Human immunodeficiency virus infection among men with sexually transmitted diseases. Experience from a center in Africa.
TLDR
It is found that genital ulcers and an intact foreskin are associated with HIV infection in men with a sexually transmitted disease and may increase men's susceptibility to HIV, or they may increase the infectivity of women infected with HIV.
Risk factors for the spread of AIDS in rural Africa: evidence from a comparative seroepidemiological survey of AIDS, hepatitis B and syphilis in southwestern Uganda.
TLDR
Compared with the general population, AIDS in rural Africa seems to differ in its epidemiology from hepatitis B and appears to be spread predominantly by pre-existing patterns of heterosexual activity responsible for high rates of other sexually transmitted diseases.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...