Less Effect of Intranasal Than Oral Hormone Therapy on Factors Associated With Venous Thrombosis Risk in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

@article{Hemelaar2006LessEO,
  title={Less Effect of Intranasal Than Oral Hormone Therapy on Factors Associated With Venous Thrombosis Risk in Healthy Postmenopausal Women},
  author={Majoie Hemelaar and Jan Rosing and Peter Kenemans and M C Thomassen and Didi D.M. Braat and Marius Jan van der Mooren},
  journal={Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology},
  year={2006},
  volume={26},
  pages={1660-1666}
}
Objective—To compare the effects of intranasal and oral administration of 17&bgr;-estradiol (E2) and norethisterone(acetate) [NET(A)] in healthy postmenopausal women on activated protein C (APC) resistance and other hemostatic parameters associated with venous thrombosis. Methods and Results—In this 2-center, randomized, double-blind, 1-year trial, 90 postmenopausal women (56.6±4.7 years of age) received daily either an intranasal spray with 175 &mgr;g/275 &mgr;g E2/NET (n=47) or 1 mg/0.5 mg… 
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Effects of ultra-low-dose versus standard hormone therapy on fibrinolysis and thrombin generation in postmenopausal women.

Plasma fibrin clot properties in postmenopausal women: effects of hormone therapy

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Less mammographic density after nasal versus oral administration of postmenopausal hormone therapy

One year of nasal PHT gave a smaller, although not statistically significant, increase in mammographic density than oral PHT, and issues are the relation between the route of administration of PHT and breast complaints and breast cancer risk.

Increased thrombin generation among postmenopausal women using hormone therapy: importance of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens

Increased thrombin generation can be detected in women using hormone therapy, but this hypercoagulable phenotype depends both on the route of estrogen administration and the type of progestogens.

Nanostructured transdermal hormone replacement therapy for relieving menopausal symptoms: a confocal Raman spectroscopy study

The nanostructured formulation is safe and effective in re-establishing optimal serum levels of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone and relieving the symptoms of menopause and may alleviate climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Pharmacology of Hormone Replacement Therapy in Menopause

Preceded by endocrine and menstrual cycle changes described as “menopausal transition”, natural menopause occurs at an average age of approximately 51 years, although a high inter-individual variability is supported by results from epidemiological studies.

Menopause, menopausal therapies and asymmetric dimethylarginine, an emerging cardiovascular risk factor

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