Learned helplessness in humans: critique and reformulation.

@article{Abramson1978LearnedHI,
  title={Learned helplessness in humans: critique and reformulation.},
  author={Lyn Y. Abramson and Martin E. P. Seligman and John D. Teasdale},
  journal={Journal of abnormal psychology},
  year={1978},
  volume={87 1},
  pages={
          49-74
        }
}
The learned helplessness hypothesis is criticized and reformulated. The old hypothesis, when applied to learned helplessness in humans, has two major problems: (a) It does not distinguish between cases in which outcomes are uncontrollable for all people and cases in which they are uncontrollable only for some people (univervsal vs. personal helplessness), and (b) it does not explain when helplessness is general and when specific, or when chronic and when acute. A reformulation based on a… Expand
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  • H. Tennen
  • Psychology, Medicine
  • Journal of personality
  • 1982
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References

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\, SUMMARY In 1967, Overmier and Seligman found that dogs exposed to inescapable and unavoidable electric shocks in one situation later failed to learn to escape shock in a different situation where… Expand
Responses to Uncontrollable Outcomes: An Integration of Reactance Theory and the Learned Helplessness Model1
Publisher Summary This chapter investigates how individuals react when they are unable to exert control over their environment—when they are unable to have options or reach goals that are important… Expand
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Learned Helplessness, Immunization and Importance of Task in Humans
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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Girls show greater evidence than boys of learned helplessness in achievement situations with adult (but not peer) evaluators: They attribute their failures to lack of ability rather than motivation… Expand
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