Corpus ID: 6509192

L-Carnitine: therapeutic applications of a conditionally-essential amino acid.

@article{Kelly1998LCarnitineTA,
  title={L-Carnitine: therapeutic applications of a conditionally-essential amino acid.},
  author={Gregory S. Kelly},
  journal={Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic},
  year={1998},
  volume={3 5},
  pages={
          345-60
        }
}
  • G. Kelly
  • Published 1998
  • Medicine, Biology
  • Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic
A trimethylated amino acid roughly similar in structure to choline, carnitine is a cofactor required for transformation of free long-chain fatty acids into acylcarnitines, and for their subsequent transport into the mitochondrial matrix, where they undergo beta-oxidation for cellular energy production. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is the primary fuel source in heart and skeletal muscle, pointing to the relative importance of this nutrient for proper function in these tissues. Although L… Expand
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Pharmacokinetics of L-Carnitine
TLDR
The renal clearance of L-carnitine increases after exogenous administration, approaching GFR after high intravenous doses, and many forms of secondary carnitine deficiency, including some drug-induced disorders, arise from impaired renal tubular re absorption. Expand
Carnitine and Acylcarnitines
L-Carnitine (levocarnitine) is a naturally occurring compound found in all mammalian species. The most important biological function of L-carnitine is in the transport of fatty acids into the… Expand
L-Carnitine Ameliorates Oxidative Damage due to Chronic Renal Failure in Rats
TLDR
L-carnitine, possibly via its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, ameliorates oxidative organ injury and CRF-induced dysfunction of the aorta and corpus cavernosum and suggests that L-c Carnitine supplementation may have some benefit in CRF patients. Expand
[Role of L-carnitine in metabolism, nutrition and therapy].
TLDR
L-carnitine plays an important role in the translocation of acetyl moieties from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm for acetylcholine synthesis in neurones and other roles--include removal of excess acyl groups, peroxisomal fatty-acid oxidation, and antioxidant activity. Expand
Acetyl‐l‐carnitine for the Treatment of HIV Lipoatrophy
TLDR
Carnitine supplementation for this antiretroviral toxicity is reviewed, and the available data from several small studies are inconclusive, although further research into this promising agent is warranted. Expand
An Overview of Carnitine
TLDR
While some studies have noted favorable outcomes with regards to exercise performance or related measures following carnitine supplementation, others have failed to demonstrate an ergogenic effect and this chapter provides a brief overview of the work in this area. Expand
The Role of Carnitine in the Male Reproductive System
TLDR
Research to uncover the many characteristics and mechanisms of action of carnitine in somatic and germ cells may provide insights into the pathophysiology of germ cell apoptosis, the prevention of germcell death, and possibly specific therapy of some forms of infertility. Expand
Antimicrobial efficacy of L-carnitine
TLDR
At these concentrations L-carnitine chloride can possibly be used as a safe local antimicrobial agent and could also contribute to the maintenance of a pathogen free environment. Expand
Preventive Role of L-Carnitine and Balanced Diet in Alzheimer’s Disease
TLDR
The introduction of foodstuffs rich in carnitine and the MIND diet or Carnitine supplementation of the AD patients may improve their functioning in everyday life. Expand
Beneficial effects of levo-carnitine on lipid metabolism and cardiac function in neonatal streptozotocin rat model of diabetes
TLDR
It is suggested that long term treatment with L-carnitine not only prevents but also partially reverses the diabetes-associated lipid metabolism and cardiac function abnormalities in neonatal STZ diabetic rats. Expand
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References

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Carnitine supplementation in the premature.
TLDR
Impairment of lipid metabolism in preterm infants maintained on carnitine-free feeding regimens seems to be established, in turn, numerous supplemental works suggest a rationale for prevention of decrease of body reserves. Expand
Carnitine and Physical Exercise
TLDR
There is currently no scientific basis for healthy individuals or athletes to use carnitine supplementation to improve exercise performance, and critical reflections and current scientific-based knowledge are important to understand the implications of reduced or increased carnitines concentrations in vivo. Expand
Plasma carnitine insufficiency and effectiveness of L‐carnitine therapy in patients with mitochondril myopathy
TLDR
Patients diagnosed as having plasma carnitine insufficiency or deficiency were treated with L‐carnitine and Muscle weakness improved in 19 of 20 patients, failure to thrive in 4 of 8, encephalopathy in 1 of 9, and cardiomyopathy in 8 of 8 patients. Expand
[Carnitine in therapy of placental insufficiency--initial experiences].
TLDR
A tendency towards a profit in carnitine treatment for placental insufficiency seems to be real, despite of the small number of patients, and a spontaneous improvement of fetal growth. Expand
Medium-chain triglycerides induce alterations in carnitine metabolism.
TLDR
It is suggested that intravenous medium-chain triglycerides are not metabolized independently of carnitine, which may play an important role in removing acyl and acetyl groups from mitochondria and in restoring the intramitochondrial CoA level. Expand
High dose L-carnitine improves immunologic and metabolic parameters in AIDS patients.
TLDR
The data suggest that in vivo L-carnitine could prove useful in ameliorating both the immune response and lipid metabolism in patients with AIDS, irrespective of initial serum carnitines levels. Expand
Effect of L-carnitine on the zidovudine-induced destruction of human myotubes. Part I: L-carnitine prevents the myotoxicity of AZT in vitro.
TLDR
L-carnitine, used concurrently with AZT, prevents the human myotubes from the AZT-associated destruction, preserves the structure and volume of mitochondria and prevents the accumulation of lipids. Expand
[Metabolism and action of L-carnitine: its possible role in sperm tail function].
  • A. Lenzi, F. Lombardo, L. Gandini, F. Dondero
  • Chemistry, Medicine
  • Archivio italiano di urologia, nefrologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale dell'Associazione per la ricerca in urologia = Urological, nephrological, and andrological sciences
  • 1992
TLDR
The dosage of this substance in the evaluation of the integrity of the processes of maturation of the spermatozoa was proposed and there is growing interest in the use of L-carnitine as a therapeutic tool in some forms of male infertility. Expand
Experimental Studies Long-term l-Carnitine Treatment Prolongs the Survival in Rats With Adriamycin-induced Heart Failure
TLDR
Preservation of the myocardial level of carnitine by l-carnitine treatment prolongedsurvival of rats with adriamycin-induced failure by improving theMyocardial metabolism of fatty acids is preserved. Expand
L-carnitine in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
TLDR
It was concluded that L-carnitine therapy in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy led to modest improvement in left ventricular function. Expand
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