Kratom Use and Toxicities in the United States

@article{Eggleston2019KratomUA,
  title={Kratom Use and Toxicities in the United States},
  author={William Eggleston and Robert Stoppacher and Kyle Suen and Jeanna M Marraffa and Lewis S. Nelson},
  journal={Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy},
  year={2019},
  volume={39}
}
Kratom is an herbal supplement containing alkaloids with opioid properties. This review was conducted to determine toxicities associated with kratom use in the United States in order to provide insight into its safety as a dietary supplement. 
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33 Citations

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Citation Type

Kratom exposures among older adults reported to U.S. poison centers, 2014–2019
TLDR
Healthcare providers and older adult patients should be aware of the potential risks of kratom use, including medication interactions and falls, when reviewing medication lists and query this population for all medications and substances being used.
Kratom—Pharmacology, Clinical Implications, and Outlook: A Comprehensive Review
TLDR
This manuscript will discuss the most current epidemiology, pharmacology, toxicity, and management related to kratom, while seeking to provide a contemporary perspective on the issue and its role in the greater context of the opioid epidemic.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)-Induced Hepatitis
TLDR
A case report is provided detailing the clinicopathologic findings of drug-induced liver injury caused by kratom, and Liver biopsy demonstrated a prominent canalicular cholestatic pattern, mixed portal inflammation, and newly described perivenular necrosis.
Kratom: The safe legal high?
Kratom Use Within the Context of the Evolving Opioid Crisis and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States
TLDR
This report highlights how converging factors have led to a surge in interest in kratom as a potential harm reduction agent in the treatment of pain and opioid use disorder.
Clinical Pharmacology of the Dietary Supplement Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)
TLDR
Until studies are conducted that define kratom's role in treating opioid withdrawal and/or other central nervous system conditions, kratom will likely remain available as a dietary supplement for the foreseeable future.
Pharmacologic and clinical assessment of kratom: An update.
  • C. White
  • Medicine
    American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
  • 2019
TLDR
Kratom has a unique pharmacologic profile that might offer advantages over other opioids, but its high abuse liability, potential for drug interactions and adverse events, and inadequate research into the balance of benefits to harm are concerning.
Kratom
TLDR
Kratom is a herbal product that is most commonly obtained as a powder and consumed as a beverage that reduces pain, cause dose-dependent stimulant and sedative effects, and have an adverse effect profile consistent with opioids.
Case Report: Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder With a Classical Tricyclic Antidepressant
TLDR
The case of a patient who developed anxiety and dysphoric mood and insomnia while using kratom, with these symptoms persisting after withdrawal, is described.
Patterns and reasons for kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) use among current and former opioid poly-drug users.
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