Knowing Is Half the Battle

@article{Johns2005KnowingIH,
  title={Knowing Is Half the Battle},
  author={Michael Johns and Toni Schmader and Andy Martens},
  journal={Psychological Science},
  year={2005},
  volume={16},
  pages={175 - 179}
}
We tested whether informing women about stereotype threat is a useful intervention to improve their performance in a threatening testing situation. Men and women completed difficult math problems described either as a problem-solving task or as a math test. In a third (teaching-intervention) condition, the test was also described as a math test, but participants were additionally informed that stereotype threat could interfere with women's math performance. Results showed that women performed… 
View on SAGE
halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr
434 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
11
Background Citations
101
Methods Citations
8
Results Citations
8

Figures from this paper

434 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

A lesson not to be learned? Understanding stereotype threat does not protect women from stereotype threat
This research examines whether reading a text presenting scientific evidence concerning the phenomenon of stereotype threat improves or disrupts women’s performance in a subsequent math task. In two…
Does Teaching Women About Stereotype Threat Reduce Its Effects on Math Performance
Stereotype threat occurs when people have anxiety in a situation where they fear may conform to a negative stereotype about their group, which subsequently causes decreased performance. One…
Stereotype Threat Leads to Reduction in Number of Math Problems Women Attempt
The arousal hypotheses of stereotype threat and a simple, instructional intervention first used by Johns, Schmader, and Martens (2005) to alleviate the effect in women’s math performance were tested.…
Discounting the Difficult: How High Math-Identified Women Respond to Stereotype Threat
In this study, we examined how math identity moderates women's response to gender-related stereotypes in the domain of mathematics. Male and female college students with varying degrees of math…
STEREOTYPE THREAT, GENDER, AND MATH PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS
Stereotype threat posits that when individuals are primed about a fixed characteristic of theirs that is negatively stereotyped in relation to a task (i.e., girls cannot do math), subsequent…
Stereotype threat and inflexible perseverance in problem solving
Creating a critical mass eliminates the effects of stereotype threat on women's mathematical performance.
TLDR
Findings suggest that single-sex testing environments may represent a practical intervention to alleviate stereotype threat effects but may have a paradoxical effect on mindset.
Effects of Stereotype Threat on Simple and Complex Math Tests
Stereotype threat is the risk of confirming a negative stereotype of one’s group as being accurate of oneself. An individual from a negatively stereotyped group attempts to disconfirm the stereotype,…
1 REDUCING STEREOTYPE THREAT EFFECTS Creating a Critical Mass Eliminates the Effects of Stereotype Threat on Women
  • Psychology
  • 2017
Background: Women in mathematical domains may become attuned to situational cues that signal a discredited social identity, contributing to their lower achievement and underrepresentation. Aim: The…
The effect of stereotype threat on women's mathematical performance and motivation
Stereotype threat theory (STT) asserts that targets of negative stereotypes experience a performance-interfering evaluative threat, which arises from a pressure to disconfirm the relevant stereotype.…
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 18 REFERENCES
Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.
TLDR
The role of stereotype vulnerability in the standardized test performance of ability-stigmatized groups is discussed and mere salience of the stereotype could impair Blacks' performance even when the test was not ability diagnostic.
Alleviating women’s mathematics stereotype threat through salience of group achievements
Reducing the Effects of Stereotype Threat on African American College Students by Shaping Theories of Intelligence
Abstract African American college students tend to obtain lower grades than their White counterparts, even when they enter college with equivalent test scores. Past research suggests that negative…
A burden of proof: Stereotype relevance and gender differences in math performance.
Three studies explored gender differences in mathematics performance by investigating the possibility that men and women have different concerns when they take standardized math tests, and that when…
A Threatening Intellectual Environment: Why Females Are Susceptible to Experiencing Problem-Solving Deficits in the Presence of Males
TLDR
Investigation showed that females' deficits were proportional to the number of males in their group, and even females who were placed in a mixed-sex majority condition experienced moderate but significant deficits.
Consuming Images: How Television Commercials that Elicit Stereotype Threat Can Restrain Women Academically and Professionally
Women in quantitative fields risk being personally reduced to negative stereotypes that allege a sex-based math inability. This situational predicament, termed stereotype threat, can undermine…
Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat
Female Role Models: Protecting Women’s Math Test Performance
Recent theory and research suggest that certain situational factors can harm women’s math test performance. The three studies presented here indicate that female role models can buffer women’s math…
The relation between perception and behavior, or how to win a game of trivial pursuit.
TLDR
Results of the experiments revealed that prolonged priming leads to more pronounced behavioral effects and that there is no sign of decay of the effects for at least 15 min.
Stereotype Threat Effects on Black and White Athletic Performance
Two experiments showed that framing an athletic task as diagnostic of negative racial stereotypes about Black or White athletes can impede their performance in sports. In Experiment 1, Black…
...
...