Kinetic characteristics of the glutamate uptake into normal astrocytes in cultures

@article{Hertz2004KineticCO,
  title={Kinetic characteristics of the glutamate uptake into normal astrocytes in cultures},
  author={Leif Hertz and Arne Schousboe and Norma Boechler and Srimathie Mukerji and Sergey Fedoroff},
  journal={Neurochemical Research},
  year={2004},
  volume={3},
  pages={1-14}
}
Kinetics for uptake and release of glutamate were measured in normal, i.e., nontransformed, astrocytes in cultures obtained from the dissociated, cortexenriched superficial parts of the brain hemispheres of newborn DBA mice. The uptake kinetics indicated a minor, unsaturable component together with an intense uptake following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. TheKm (50 μM) was reasonably comparable to the corresponding values in brain slices and in other glial preparations. TheVmax (58.8 nmol min−1 mg… 
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The high tissue/medium ratio and the lack of a GABA-induced enhancement of the release of radioactivity indicate that the previously observed high-affinity uptake of GABA in cultured astrocytes represents a net uptake and not a homoexchange with endogenous GABA.
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Changes in medium radioactivity and composition accompany high-affinity uptake of glutamate and aspartate by mouse brain slices
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Experiments in which glutamic and aspartic acid uptake by mouse brain slices were studied demonstrate that metabolism and release occur simultaneously with uptake during transport experiments in vitro and that these processes can take place in specific tissue compartments.
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TLDR
It is suggested that extracellular amino acids generally penetrate more readily into astrocytes than into neurons, and both cell types transport essential amino acids more effectively than other amino acids.
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TLDR
The ability of astrocytes to increase GSH release in the presence of extracellular glutamate could be an important neuroprotective mechanism enabling neurones to maintain levels of the key antioxidant, GSH, under conditions of glutamate toxicity.
Characterization of Primary and Secondary Cultures of Astrocytes Prepared from Mouse Cerebral Cortex
TLDR
Cultures prepared from cerebral cortex of 7-day-old mice have metabolic and functional properties indistinguishable from those of classical astrocyte cultures prepared from neocortex of new-born animals, providing flexibility with regard to preparation and use of these cultures for a variety of purposes.
Cellular Localization and Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase in Primary Cultures of Brain Cells from Newborn Mice
TLDR
The basal activity in cultures of dissociated brain cells from newborn mice was near that found in brains of newborn mice, but far below the activity in adult brains, showing that in culture the normal development of these cells is disturbed.
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TLDR
Glutamate uptake was found to be increased in GDH‐deficient cells when exposed to increasing levels of extracellular glutamate independently of the GDH expression level, and underscore the importance of the expression level of GDH for the ability to utilize glutamate as an energy source fueling its own energy‐requiring uptake.
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