Josephson current and noise at a superconductor/quantum-spin-Hall-insulator/superconductor junction

@article{Fu2009JosephsonCA,
  title={Josephson current and noise at a superconductor/quantum-spin-Hall-insulator/superconductor junction},
  author={Liang Fu and C. L. Kane},
  journal={Physical Review B},
  year={2009},
  volume={79},
  pages={161408}
}
We study junctions between superconductors mediated by the edge states of a quantum-spin-Hall insulator. We show that such junctions exhibit a fractional Josephson effect, in which the current phase relation has a $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ rather than a $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ periodicity. This effect is a consequence of the conservation of fermion parity---the number of electron $\text{mod}\text{ }2$---in a superconducting junction and is closely related to the ${Z}_{2}$ topological structure of the… Expand
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