Islands, equilibria, and speciation.

@article{Cherry2002IslandsEA,
  title={Islands, equilibria, and speciation.},
  author={Joshua L. Cherry and Frederick R. Adler and Kevin P. Johnson},
  journal={Science},
  year={2002},
  volume={296 5570},
  pages={
          975
        }
}
Ricklefs and Bermingham ([1][1]) demonstrated that divergence times of Lesser Antillean avifauna from sister taxa do not follow the exponential distribution predicted with constant colonization and extinction rates ([2][2]). Their explanation for this observation was a lack of equilibrium due to 
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APPLICATION OF JOHNSON ET AL.'S SPECIATION THRESHOLD MODEL TO APPARENT COLONIZATION TIMES OF ISLAND BIOTAS
TLDR
The plausibility of the speciation‐divergence model for Lesser Antillean birds emphasizes the importance of further investigation of historical biogeography on a regional scale for whole biotas, as well as the migration of genes between populations on long time scales and the achievement of reproductive isolation.
History and Diversity: Explorations at the Intersection of Ecology and Evolution
  • R. Ricklefs
  • Biology, Environmental Science
    The American Naturalist
  • 2007
TLDR
The ecological interactions between populations within regions brings the timescale of species sorting and species production close to each other and emphasizes the important interaction of ecological and evolutionary processes in shaping ecological systems.
A biogeographical perspective on ecological systems: some personal reflections
TLDR
A model of distribution and abundance within a regional community is consistent with much of what the authors know about the interactions between pathogens and their host populations, but testing the model will require the development of a new research programme focused on endemic pathogen effects in natural communities.
The West Indies as a laboratory of biogeography and evolution
  • R. Ricklefs, E. Bermingham
  • Environmental Science
    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
  • 2007
TLDR
Dating of island lineages using molecular methods indicates over-water dispersal of most inhabitants of the West Indies, and birds of the Lesser Antilles provide evidence of a mass extinction event within the past million years, emphasizing the time-heterogeneity of historical processes.
The Causes of Evolutionary Radiations in Archipelagoes: Passerine Birds in the Lesser Antilles
TLDR
Analysis of genetic divergence among island populations in the Lesser Antilles reveals evidence of both prolonged independent evolution and re‐expansion of differentiated island populations through the archipelago but little evidence of secondary sympatry of divergent genetic lineages.
The influence of dispersal on macroecological patterns of Lesser Antillean birds
TLDR
Differences in dispersal ability are a plausible explanation for the contrasting macroecological patterns of rain forest and dry forest species.
macroecological patterns of Lesser Antillean birds
TLDR
Differences in dispersal ability are a plausible explanation for the contrasting macroecological patterns of rain forest and dry forest species.
Colonization of the Lesser Antilles by land birds.
TLDR
Characteristics of source and island populations of nonraptorial land birds that have colonized the Lesser Antilles are addressed to determine whether colonization by individual source populations is a continuous process or occurs in transient phases, consistent with the idea that periods of high population productivity leading to colonization of offshore islands are transient.
History and the Species‐Area Relationship in Lesser Antillean Birds
TLDR
Historical analysis of the Lesser Antillean avifauna supports the dynamic concept of island biogeography of MacArthur and Wilson, rather than the more static view of David Lack, in that colonists exhibit dispersal limitation and extinction plays a role in shaping patterns of diversity.
The Effects of Dispersal on Macroecological Patterns
TLDR
An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in the Department of Biology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2008 is presented.

References

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TLDR
This model on an evolutionary time scale by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the colonization of the Lesser Antilles by small land birds suggests an abrupt, roughly 10-fold increase in colonization rate or a 90% mass extinction event 0.55 to 0.75 million years ago.
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TLDR
Molecular studies of land birds in the West Indies now provide relative ages for taxa based on genetic differentiation among island populations, and confirm that older populations tend to have geographical and ecological distributions.
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A population genetic model of island biogeography that incorporates island colonization, migration of individuals from the mainland, and extinction of island populations is derived and predicts that populations on large islands should be on average more genetically divergent from mainland source populations than those on small islands.
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There is rather poor equivalency of taxonomic rank across some of the vertebrates, by the yardstick of genetic divergence in this mtDNA gene, as well as genetic distances in allozymes.
Ostrich
Abstract Ostrich meat is a relatively new product in the U.S. market. This paper provides an overview of some of the issues and efforts to establish it as a viable meat source and/or alternative meat…
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