Is prenatal exposure to tobacco smoking a cause of poor semen quality? A follow-up study.

@article{RamlauHansen2007IsPE,
  title={Is prenatal exposure to tobacco smoking a cause of poor semen quality? A follow-up study.},
  author={Cecilia H{\o}st Ramlau-Hansen and Ane Marie Thulstrup and Lone Storgaard and Gunnar Toft and J{\o}rn Olsen and Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde},
  journal={American journal of epidemiology},
  year={2007},
  volume={165 12},
  pages={
          1372-9
        }
}
A few studies indicate that exposure to maternal smoking during fetal life decreases semen quality in adult life, but the results are inconsistent and retrospectively collected smoking data were used in most studies. From a Danish pregnancy cohort established in 1984-1987, 347 of 5,109 sons were selected according to their exposure to tobacco smoke in fetal life. From February 2005 to January 2006, a semen sample from the 347 men was analyzed for conventional semen characteristics according to… 
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Semen quality according to prenatal coffee and present caffeine exposure: two decades of follow-up of a pregnancy cohort.
TLDR
The results observed in this study are only tentative, but they do not exclude a small to moderate effect of prenatal coffee exposure on semen volume and levels of reproductive hormones.
Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and semen quality in the male offspring: two decades of follow-up.
TLDR
Results indicate that prenatal exposure to alcohol may have a persisting adverse effect on Sertoli cells, and thereby sperm concentration, and which could explain some of the reported differences between populations and long-term changes in semen quality.
The Impact of Paternal and Maternal Smoking on Semen Quality of Adolescent Men
TLDR
Prenatal both maternal and paternal smoking were separately associated with some decrease in sperm count in men of whom the other parent was not reported to smoke, and no statistically significant impact of own smoking on semen parameters was seen.
Association between paternal smoking at the time of pregnancy and the semen quality in sons
TLDR
A negative association between paternal smoking and sperm counts in the sons is suggested, independent of the level maternal nicotine exposure during the pregnancy.
Parental infertility and semen quality in male offspring: a follow-up study.
TLDR
The authors of the current study tried to replicate the finding of Jensen et al. by controlling for maternal body mass index and other covariates using data from a recently conducted, population-based, Danish follow-up study on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy in 1984-1987 and sons' semen quality, in which the participants were sampled according to levels of maternalsmoking during pregnancy.
Effect of maternal coffee, smoking and drinking behavior on adult son's semen quality: prospective evidence from the Child Health and Development Studies
TLDR
Evidence is added to the evidence that maternal coffee use during pregnancy may impair the reproductive development of the male fetus by reducing sperm concentration and motility.
Maternal smoking in pregnancy and reproductive hormones in adult sons.
TLDR
No major indication of long-term effects of pre-natal exposure to tobacco smoke on the levels of reproductive hormones later in life is found, but the data may suggest a shift in the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis towards higher androgenicity.
Is maternal obesity related to semen quality in the male offspring? A pilot study.
TLDR
The results suggest that there may be an effect of high maternal BMI on the sons' semen quality, but the study had only enough power to justify a critical evaluation of the hypothesis in a larger study.
Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and pubertal development in sons. A follow‐up study of a birth cohort
TLDR
Prenatal cigarette smoking exposure may induce an earlier age at onset of puberty in young men, but larger studies with prospectively collected data on pubertal development are needed to explore this hypothesis further.
Average sperm count remains unchanged despite reduction in maternal smoking: results from a large cross-sectional study with annual investigations over 21 years
TLDR
A significant decline in in utero exposure to maternal smoking, which was not reflected in an overall improvement of semen quality at the population level, suggest that other unknown adverse factors may maintain the low semen quality among Danish men.
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TLDR
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