Is Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Associated with Alterations in the Meibomian Gland and Ocular Surface?

@article{Cermak2003IsCA,
  title={Is Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Associated with Alterations in the Meibomian Gland and Ocular Surface?},
  author={Jennifer Marie Cermak and Kathleen L. Krenzer and Rose M. Sullivan and Mohamad R. Dana and David A. Sullivan},
  journal={Cornea},
  year={2003},
  volume={22},
  pages={516-521}
}
Purpose. This study's purpose was to determine whether complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is associated with alterations in the meibomian gland and ocular surface. Methods. Individuals with CAIS, as well as age-matched female and male controls, completed questionnaires which assessed dry eye symptoms and underwent slit lamp evaluations of the tear film, tear meniscus, lids and lid margins and conjunctiva. The quality of meibomian gland secretions was also analyzed. Results. Our… 
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Tear film impairment and meibomian gland loss in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

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Tear film stability impaired in patients with PCOS was indicated and this impairment was accompanied by the loss of MG, which play a key role in tear film stability.

Morphological Changes of Meibomian Glands in Men With Benign Prostate Hyperplasia.

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BPH was associated with meibomian gland loss and instability of the tear film as well as with the presence of androgenic alopecia.

Dry eye signs and symptoms in aromatase inhibitor treatment and the relationship with pain.

Meibomian Gland Disease: The Role of Gland Dysfunction in Dry Eye Disease.

Evaluation of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Obesity

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Tear film instability due to MGD is common in PCOS and in subjects with high BMI, and the MGD in PCos patients is independent of the BMI.

Does endogenous serum oestrogen play a role in meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women with dry eye?

TLDR
It is suggested that MG dysfunction underpins dry eye symptoms in non-Sjögren's dry eye in postmenopausal women and oestrogen plays a role through its effect on meibum secretion.

Changes in gene expression in human meibomian gland dysfunction.

TLDR
It is demonstrated that MGD is accompanied by multiple changes in gene expression in the meibomian gland, including the upregulation of genes encoding small proline-rich proteins and S100 calcium-binding proteins, which suggest that keratinization plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MGD.

The contribution of meibomian disease to dry eye.

Effects of age and dysfunction on human meibomian glands.

TLDR
These results indicate that aging human meibomian glands show decreased meibocyte differentiation and cell cycling that is associated with the development of MGD, and suggest that altered PPARγ signaling may lead to acinar atrophy and development of an age-related hyposecretory MGD.

Sex hormones and dry eye disease: Current update

TLDR
Current scientific evidence on the influence of androgen and estrogen on the lacrimal and meibomian glands as well as on the ocular surface epithelia including conjunctival goblet cells during reproductive and menopausal periods is outlined.
...

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