Invited commentary: sex-steroid hormones and QT-interval duration.

@article{vanNoord2011InvitedCS,
  title={Invited commentary: sex-steroid hormones and QT-interval duration.},
  author={Charlotte van Noord and Eline M. Rodenburg and Bruno H. Stricker},
  journal={American journal of epidemiology},
  year={2011},
  volume={174 4},
  pages={
          412-5
        }
}
In this issue of the Journal, Zhang et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174(4):403-411) make a substantial contribution to research in the area of hormonal influences on cardiac repolarization by demonstrating an inverse association between testosterone levels and the Bazett's adjusted QT interval (QTc) and RR-adjusted QT interval in men but not in postmenopausal women. They suggest that testosterone levels might explain the difference in QTc-interval duration between men and women and could… 
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QT Interval Length in Elderly Prostatic Cancer Patients on Anti-Testosterone Treatment.
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The results of this preliminary study do not support the initial concern of an alarmingly prolonged QT interval in the anti-testosterone treated group, and call for a close follow-up of theQT interval length in patients receiving anti- testosterone treatment.
Beneficial and adverse effects of testosterone on the cardiovascular system in men.
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The important knowledge gap as to the exact relationship between T and cardiovascular disease would support a cautious, restrained approach to T therapy in aging men, pending clarification of benefits and risks by adequately powered clinical trials of sufficient duration.
Use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and the heart rate corrected QT interval in a real-life setting: the population-based Rotterdam Study.
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Although no SSRI class effect was observed, use of citalopram was associated with a longer QTc F, even after considering the recommended restrictions, suggesting other SSRIs may not give a clinically relevant QTC F prolongation.
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About one-third of the elderly long-term care residents in the study had QT disturbances, which warrants close QT interval follow-up in predisposed patients.
Sex hormone replacement in Turner syndrome
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The effects of estrogen and androgen insufficiency as well as the effects of sex HRT on morbidity and mortality with special emphasis on evidence based research and areas needing further studies are discussed.
Effect of risperidone metabolism and P-glycoprotein gene polymorphism on QT interval in patients with schizophrenia
TLDR
The T allele of the ABCB1 C3435T genotype should be considered in future diagnostic development efforts for RIS-associated QT, as it prolongs the QTc interval and may cause fatal arrhythmia.
Long-term results of single-procedure catheter ablation for atrial fibrillationin pre- and post-menopausal women
TLDR
It is indicated that CA of AF appears to be as safe and effective in pre- menopausal women as in post-menopausal women and was not found to be an independent predictive factor of the recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia.
Pharmaco-Epidemiological Studies on Antidepressant Use in Older Adults
TLDR
It is described that some genetic regions were associated with adverse drug reactions as well with antidepressant drug response, however, the studies conducted in this thesis were not designed to predict which patients develop adverse drug reaction, and requires additional studies.
Associations between QT interval subcomponents, HIV serostatus, and inflammation
  • Katherine C. Wu, F. Bhondoekhan, +12 authors W. Post
  • Biology
    Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc
  • 2019
The total QT interval comprises both ventricular depolarization and repolarization currents. Understanding how HIV serostatus and other risk factors influence specific QT interval subcomponents could…
Cardiovascular disease risk and androgen deprivation therapy in patients with localised prostate cancer: a prospective cohort study
TLDR
This study provides the basis for identifying high-risk men treated with ADT who might benefit from regular cardiac monitoring and lifestyle modification recommendations and found an increased risk of arrhythmia and conduction disorder in men with preexisting CVD.
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References

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The association of serum testosterone levels and ventricular repolarization
TLDR
Lower QTc intervals in men with higher serum testosterone levels could be due to the association of serum testosterone with prolongation of the RR interval, while in the pooled analysis of two population-based studies, serumosterone levels were not associated with the QT interval, which could beDue to a lack of power.
Sex-steroid hormones and electrocardiographic QT-interval duration: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
TLDR
It is suggested that testosterone levels may explain differences in QT-interval duration between men and women and could be a contributor to population variability inQT- Interval duration among men.
High free thyroxine levels are associated with QTc prolongation in males.
TLDR
The fact that free T(4) is also associated with a significantly increased risk of borderline and prolonged QTc values with its risk of sudden cardiac death, endorses the clinical importance of the findings.
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TLDR
The sex difference in the QT interval is due to QT shortening in males after puberty rather than QT prolongation in women during reproductive years, and it indicates that the traditional concept of reverse sequence of ventricular repolarization is not universally valid in all myocardial regions.
Sex differences on the electrocardiographic pattern of cardiac repolarization: possible role of testosterone.
TLDR
It is concluded that testosterone plays an important role in modulating cardiac repolarization and the changes observed in castrated men may be reverted by testosterone.
Sex, hormones, and repolarization.
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  • Medicine, Biology
    Current women's health reports
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TLDR
Female gender is associated with an increased risk of torsades de pointes (TDP) in the setting of drugs that can prolong the QT interval and the concept of "repolarization reserve" can help predict which individuals are at risk for developing drug-induced TDP.
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TLDR
A female predominance is found in the FDA reports of erythromycin-associated cardiac arrhythmias and based on in vitro experiments, a sex difference in cardiac repolarization response to erystromycin is a potential contributing factor.
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