Invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients treated with tumor necrosis alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitors

@article{Tragiannidis2017InvasiveFI,
  title={Invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients treated with tumor necrosis alpha (TNF‐$\alpha$) inhibitors},
  author={Athanasios Tragiannidis and Ioannis Kyriakidis and Ilse Z{\"u}ndorf and Andreas H. Groll},
  journal={Mycoses},
  year={2017},
  volume={60}
}
Macromolecular immunosuppressive monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins directed against molecules or cells involved in inflammation and immunity represent a recent and important addition to our therapeutic armamentarium. Tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and clinical utilization of its antagonists has revolutionized treatment of juvenile rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and plaque… 
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This review focuses on fungal disease epidemiology with a specific emphasis on the 2 most common pediatric IFDs, IC and invasive aspergillosis (IA).
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Although this new era of precision medicine shows promising outcomes of targeted therapies in children with leukemia or lymphoma, the results of this review stress the necessity for ongoing surveillance and suggest the need for antifungal prophylaxis in cases where IFDs are very common complications.
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The potential risks of infections and reported hematological and immunological effects of antenatal mAbs exposure on the infant and guidance on the management of the exposed infant are described.
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