Intraoperative pediatric blood transfusion therapy: a review of common issues. Part II: transfusion therapy, special considerations, and reduction of allogenic blood transfusions

@article{Barcelona2005IntraoperativePB,
  title={Intraoperative pediatric blood transfusion therapy: a review of common issues. Part II: transfusion therapy, special considerations, and reduction of allogenic blood transfusions},
  author={Sandra L. Barcelona and Alexis A. Thompson and Charles J Cot{\'e}},
  journal={Pediatric Anesthesia},
  year={2005},
  volume={15}
}
Massive blood transfusion is defined as the loss of one or more circulating blood volumes. It is, therefore, important to calculate the patient’s estimated blood volume (EBV) and to relate this to the volume of blood products and other fluids administered (Table 1). In addition the anesthesiologist should estimate how much blood will be allowed to be lost before the initiation of packed RBC transfusion. The patient’s EBV is generally related in part to the patient’s age as well as body habitus… 
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Transfusion guidelines in pediatric patients
TLDR
It is demonstrated that a restrictive approach, with a lower hemoglobin transfusion threshold, was not harmful during the immediate postoperative period, compared to a liberal hemoglobin policy, and packed red blood cell transfusion was related to adverse postoperative outcomes, such as prolonged mechanical ventilation.
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Perioperative neonatal and paediatric blood transfusion
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Paediatric patients undergoing surgical procedures commonly require some volume of blood or blood component replacement in the perioperative period and pre-operative correction of anaemia may be done considering the age, plasma volume status, clinical status and comorbidities.
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Certain principles of transfusion therapy specific to pediatric trauma are identified and a sample pediatric massive transfusion protocol that may be used to guide resuscitation is outlined.
Association of red blood cell transfusion volume with postoperative complications and mortality in neonatal surgery.
Risk factors for intraoperative massive transfusion in pediatric liver transplantation: a multivariate analysis
TLDR
massive transfusion during pediatric LT is significantly associated with a high WBC count, low platelet count, and cadaveric donor, and this finding can provide a better understanding of perioperative blood transfusion management in pediatric LT recipients.
The impact of blood product ratios in massively transfused pediatric trauma patients.
Changes in Cerebral Oxygenation during Transfusion Therapy.
TLDR
Although both cerebral and tissue oxygenation increased during the administration of either allogeneic or autologous blood, the clinical impact was likely limited given the high initial tissue and cerebral oxygenation values.
Perioperative blood transfusion decreases long-term survival in pediatric living donor liver transplantation
TLDR
Transfusion of RBC volume higher than 27.5 mL/kg during the perioperative period is associated with a significant increase in short- and long-term postoperative morbidity and mortality after PLDLT.
Continuous hemoglobin monitoring during massive blood transfusion in a multivisceral pediatric transplant patient.
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