Intelligence: new findings and theoretical developments.

@article{Nisbett2012IntelligenceNF,
  title={Intelligence: new findings and theoretical developments.},
  author={Richard E. Nisbett and Joshua Aronson and Clancy B Blair and William T. Dickens and James Robert Flynn and Diane F. Halpern and Eric Turkheimer},
  journal={The American psychologist},
  year={2012},
  volume={67 2},
  pages={
          130-59
        }
}
We review new findings and new theoretical developments in the field of intelligence. New findings include the following: (a) Heritability of IQ varies significantly by social class. (b) Almost no genetic polymorphisms have been discovered that are consistently associated with variation in IQ in the normal range. (c) Much has been learned about the biological underpinnings of intelligence. (d) "Crystallized" and "fluid" IQ are quite different aspects of intelligence at both the behavioral and… Expand
View on PubMed
people.virginia.edu
692 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
51
Background Citations
295
Methods Citations
26
Results Citations
17

692 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Current practices and future directions for the assessment of child and adolescent intelligence in schools around the world
According to contemporary theory, intelligence is defined as the ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, and to engage in various forms… Expand
Does working memory training promote changes in fluid intelligence
Intelligence is a main predictor for a variety of social, academic, and economical outcomes. Therefore, researchers have been increasingly dedicated to pursuing ways to improve intelligence. In the… Expand
Socioeconomic status and genetic influences on cognitive development
TLDR
The largest, most population-diverse consideration of the hypothesis that genetic influences on cognitive abilities are larger for children raised in more advantaged environments in Florida found no evidence of SES moderation of genetic influence on test scores, suggesting that articulating gene-environment interactions for cognition is more complex and elusive than previously supposed. Expand
Changing relations among cognitive abilities across development: implications for measurement and research
TLDR
Variables highly associated with age (such as intellectual ability and EF) should not be statistically controlled when assessing cognitive constructs especially in child samples when there is rapid change in cognitive abilities. Expand
Intellect is not that expensive: differential association of cultural and socio-economic factors with crystallized intelligence in a sample of Italian adolescents
Abstract Current theories of intelligence maintain that intellectual development is the expression of a strict interplay among different cognitive abilities and the environment. Yet, the environment… Expand
Development of cognition and intelligence
Abstract Lifespan cognitive development is shaped by biological processes of maturation and senescence and their interplay with experience-dependent processes of learning. The development of basic… Expand
Genetic variation, brain, and intelligence differences
TLDR
The last 10 years or so of molecular genetic (DNA-based) research on intelligence is reviewed, including the discovery of genetic loci associated with intelligence, DNA-based heritability, and intelligence’s genetic correlations with other traits. Expand
Neurocognitive, Biological and Genetics factors and the Risk of Developing Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) Disease among Kurdish Societies
Differences in intelligence are the most significant factor in explaining levels of social progress and development. One measure scientists use to determine differences in intelligence is… Expand
Does IQ Really Predict Job Performance?
TLDR
It is concluded that considerable caution needs to be exercised in citing correlations of around 0.5 as evidence of test validity, and as justification for the use of the tests in developmental studies, in educational and occupational selection and in research programs on sources of individual differences. Expand
Theories of Intelligence
An extensive literature has developed over the nature of human intellectual functioning, with more than a century of research to date. This chapter surveys this field, starting with its historical… Expand
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 447 REFERENCES
Family configuration and intelligence.
An attempt is made to show generally that variations in aggregate intelligence scores are closely associated with variations in patterns of family configuration and that these aggregate family… Expand
Pervasiveness of the IQ Rise: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis
TLDR
This study clearly demonstrates that crystallized IQ gains are substantial and of comparable strength as Flynn effects typically observed for measures of fluid intelligence in Central Europe. Expand
Verbal and nonverbal intelligence changes in the teenage brain
TLDR
It is shown that verbal and non-verbal IQ can rise or fall in the teenage years, with these changes in performance validated by their close correlation with changes in local brain structure. Expand
The Totality of Available Evidence Shows the Race IQ Gap Still Remains
TLDR
Evidence is reviewed that the distribution of IQ scores around the world shows averages of 106 for East Asians, 100 for Whites, 85 for U.S. Blacks, and 70 for sub-Saharan Africans; and race differences are most pronounced on the more g-loaded subtests whose scores show the most heritability. Expand
The heritability of general cognitive ability increases linearly from childhood to young adulthood
TLDR
It is shown for general cognitive ability that, to the contrary, genetic influence increases with age, and this finding suggests new ways of thinking about the interface between nature and nurture during the school years. Expand
An experimental analysis of dynamic hypotheses about cognitive abilities and achievement from childhood to early adulthood.
TLDR
The findings of this study suggest that the dynamics of cognitive abilities and academic achievement follow a more complex pattern than that specified by Cattell's investment hypothesis. Expand
Age versus schooling effects on intelligence development.
The effect of formal education, as opposed to chronological age, on intelligence development has suffered from inadequate empirical investigation. Most studies of this issue have relied on natural… Expand
Age versus schooling effects on intelligence development.
TLDR
The results unambiguously point to schooling as the major factor underlying the increase of intelligence test scores as a function of age and to the larger effect schooling has on verbal than nonverbal tests. Expand
Are intelligence tests measurement invariant over time? Investigating the nature of the Flynn effect
The gains of scores on standardized intelligence tests (i.e., Flynn effect) have been the subject of extensive debate concerning their nature, causes, and implications. The aim of the present study… Expand
What is intelligence ? Beyond the Flynn effect
Around their 18th birthday, basically all Dutch males born between 1934 and 1964 unknowingly took part in a study of the malleability of intelligence. When these young men appeared before the Dutch… Expand
...
1
2
3
4
5
...