Initiation of RPS2-Specified Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis Is Coupled to the AvrRpt2-Directed Elimination of RIN4

@article{Axtell2003InitiationOR,
  title={Initiation of RPS2-Specified Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis Is Coupled to the AvrRpt2-Directed Elimination of RIN4},
  author={Michael J. Axtell and Brian J. Staskawicz},
  journal={Cell},
  year={2003},
  volume={112},
  pages={369-377}
}
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NDR1 Interaction with RIN4 Mediates the Differential Activation of Multiple Disease Resistance Pathways in Arabidopsis
TLDR
It is demonstrated that like RPS2 and RPM1, NDR1 also associates with RIN4 in planta and it is suggested that this interaction serves to further regulate activation of disease resistance signaling following recognition of P. syringae DC3000-AvrRpt2 by Arabidopsis.
Arabidopsis RIN4 Negatively Regulates Disease Resistance Mediated by RPS2 and RPM1 Downstream or Independent of the NDR1 Signal Modulator and Is Not Required for the Virulence Functions of Bacterial Type III Effectors AvrRpt2 or AvrRpm1
TLDR
Whereas any pathogen virulence factor may have multiple targets, the perturbation of only one is necessary and sufficient for R activation, it is proposed that many P. syringae type III effectors have more than one target in the host cell.
Arabidopsis RIN4 Is a Target of the Type III Virulence Effector AvrRpt2 and Modulates RPS2-Mediated Resistance
RIN4 homologs from important crop species differentially regulate the Arabidopsis NB-LRR immune receptor, RPS2.
TLDR
Compared the function of AtRIN4 with RIN4 homologs present in a diverse range of plant species, it is demonstrated that the membrane localization of RPS2 is unaffected by its suppression or activation status.
The Pseudomonas syringae type III effector AvrRpm1 induces significant defenses by activating the Arabidopsis nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein RPS2.
TLDR
AvrRpm1 suppressed host defenses and promoted the growth of type III secretion mutant bacteria equally well in rps2 and RPS2 plants, indicating that virulence activity of over-expressed AvrRPM1 predominates over defenses induced by weak activation of R PS2.
RIN4-like proteins mediate resistance protein-derived soybean defense against Pseudomonas syringae
TLDR
These studies suggest that multiple RIN4-like proteins proteins mediate R-mediated signaling, in soybean, which might function as a heteromeric complex in mediating Rpg1-b-derived resistance.
RAR1, a central player in plant immunity, is targeted by Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB
TLDR
The results demonstrate that RAR1 molecularly links PTI, effector virulence, and ETI, and supports that both pathogen virulence and plant disease resistance have evolved around PTI.
The Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrRpt2 cleaves its C-terminally acylated target, RIN4, from Arabidopsis membranes to block RPM1 activation.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that AvrRpt2-dependent cleavage of RIN4 at RCS2 is functionally critical in vivo, and at least two bacterial virulence factors target the same domain of R IN4, a approximately 30-aa plant-specific signature sequence found in a small Arabidopsis protein family that may be additional targets for these bacterial virulent factors.
Molecular Basis for the RIN 4 Negative Regulation of RPS 2 Disease Resistance
TLDR
It is shown that the biological relevance of amino acid changes required for the RPS2–RIN4 association is applicable in Arabidopsis as well, and specific amino acids within the C-terminal half of RIN4 that are required for R PS2 regulation and association are identified.
Two Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effectors Inhibit RIN4-Regulated Basal Defense in Arabidopsis
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