Inhibition of antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation by Tat protein from HIV-1.

@article{Viscidi1989InhibitionOA,
  title={Inhibition of antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation by Tat protein from HIV-1.},
  author={Raphael P. Viscidi and K Mayur and Howard M. Lederman and Alan D. Frankel},
  journal={Science},
  year={1989},
  volume={246 4937},
  pages={
          1606-8
        }
}
The purified human immunodeficiency virus type-l (HIV-l) Tat protein inhibited lymphocyte proliferation induced by tetanus toxoid or Candida antigens by 66 to 97% at nanomolar concentrations of Tat. In contrast, Tat did not cause a significant reduction of lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen. Inhibition was blocked by oxidation of the cysteine-rich region of Tat or by incubation with an antibody to Tat before the assay. A synthetic Tat… 
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It is demonstrated that the mechanism of the Tat-mediated inhibition of T-cell functions involves a phospholipase C gamma 1-independent pathway.
Effects of HIV‐1 Tat protein on human T cell proliferation
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Results do not imply an important role for immunosuppressive effects of Tat in induction of immunodeficiency as observed in HIV infection in vivo, and no effect of Tat protein could be observed on T cell proliferative responses to recall antigen.
Cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes of Tat from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1)
HIV type 1 Tat protein inhibits interleukin 12 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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The results suggest that Tat protein is one of the main causes of decreased IL-12 production by PBMCs (mostly by monocytes) from HIV-1-infected individuals.
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TLDR
Results indicate the HIV-1 Tat protein can affect the monocyte microbicidal mechanisms at the phagolysosomal fusion step with little or not effect upon the lytic activity.
Induction of apoptosis in uninfected lymphocytes by HIV-1 Tat protein.
TLDR
HIV-1 Tat protein was shown to induce cell death by apoptosis in a T cell line and in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from uninfected donors, and was inhibitable by growth factors and was associated with enhanced activation of cyclin-dependent kinases.
The antigen-specific induction of normal human lymphocytes in vitro is down-regulated by a conserved HIV p24 epitope.
Inhibition of HIV replication in acute and chronic infections in vitro by a Tat antagonist.
TLDR
The drug Ro 5-3335 inhibited gene expression by HIV-1 at the level of transcriptional trans-activation by Tat and its target sequence TAR, which reduced the amount of cell-associated viral RNA and antigen in acutely and in chronically infected cells in vitro.
Interferon alpha and Tat involvement in the immunosuppression of uninfected T cells and C-C chemokine decline in AIDS.
  • D. Zagury, A. Lachgar, +10 authors R. Gallo
  • Biology, Medicine
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
  • 1998
TLDR
It is suggested that IFNalpha and Tat may be critical targets for anti-AIDS strategies because specific antibodies against these proteins prevent generation of suppressor cells in HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef does not alter T-cell sensitivity to antigen-specific stimulation
TLDR
An in vitro model to study the influence that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may have on the ability of T cells to respond to antigenic challenge found no evidence for alteration of T-cell responsiveness to antigen by the gag, pol, vif, tat, or rev gene of HIV-1.
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TLDR
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