# Inducing a Magnetic Monopole with Topological Surface States

@article{Qi2009InducingAM,
title={Inducing a Magnetic Monopole with Topological Surface States},
author={X. Qi and Rundong Li and J. Zang and Shou-Cheng Zhang},
journal={Science},
year={2009},
volume={323},
pages={1184 - 1187}
}
Existence of the magnetic monopole is compatible with the fundamental laws of nature; however, this elusive particle has yet to be detected experimentally. We show theoretically that an electric charge near a topological surface state induces an image magnetic monopole charge due to the topological magneto-electric effect. The magnetic field generated by the image magnetic monopole may be experimentally measured, and the inverse square law of the field dependence can be determined… Expand
589 Citations

#### Paper Mentions

Inducing magneto-electric response in topological insulator
• Physics
• 2013
Abstract Utilizing electric potential and magnetic scalar potential formulas, which contain zero-order Bessel functions of the first kind and the constitutive relations of topological insulators, weExpand
Magnetic Monopole Generated by Spin Damping with Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Physics
• 2012
We investigate theoretically the magnetic monopole in magnetic systems. The hedgehog monopole emerges in frustrated magnetic materials. In addition, a novel magnetic monopole is induced byExpand
Geometrically induced reversion of Hall current in a topological insulator cavity
• Physics
• 2017
Abstract An electric charge near the surface of a topological insulator induces an image magnetic monopole. Here, we show that if the topological insulator surface has a negative curvature, namely inExpand
Magnetoelectric effect of a conducting sphere near a planar topological insulator
• Physics
• 2019
When time-reversal symmetry is broken on its surface, topological insulators exhibit a magnetoelectric response which is described by axion electrodynamics. A direct consequence of this theory is theExpand
Absence of magnetic monopoles in Maxwellian magnetoelectrics
• Physics
• 2018
The electromagnetic response of topological insulators is governed by axion electrodynamics, which features a topological magnetoelectric term in the Maxwell equations. As a consequence magneticExpand
Magnetoelectric effect in cylindrical topological insulators
Topological insulators (TIs) exhibit a quantized magnetoelectric response when time-reversal symmetry is broken on its surface. This unusual electromagnetic (EM) response is a unique macroscopicExpand
Axion Mie theory for a spherical topological insulator
• Physics
• 2020
Electronic topological states of matter exhibit novel types of responses to electromagnetic fields. The response of strong topological insulators, for instance, is characterized by a so-called axionExpand
Charge Induction and Polarization on the Surface of a Topological Insulator Due to an Emergent Gauge Field
Exchange interaction with surface magnetization exerts a local U(1) gauge field on Dirac fermions that exist on the surface of a topological insulator (TI). We show that the emergent gauge fieldExpand
Electromagnetic effects induced by a time-dependent axion field
We studied the dynamics of the so-called $\theta$-term, which exists in topological materials and is related to a hypothetical field predicted by Peccei-Quinn in particle physics, in a magneticExpand
Search for the Magnetic Monopole at a Magnetoelectric Surface
We show, by solving Maxwell’s equations, that an electric charge on the surface of a slab of a linear magnetoelectric material generates an image magnetic monopole below the surface provided that theExpand

#### References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 24 REFERENCES
Magnetic monopoles in spin ice
• Physics, Medicine
• Nature
• 2008
This work proposes that magnetic monopoles emerge in a class of exotic magnets known collectively as spin ice: the dipole moment of the underlying electronic degrees of freedom fractionalises into monopoles, which would account for a mysterious phase transition observed experimentally in spin ice in a magnetic field. Expand
Quantum spin Hall effect.
• Physics, Medicine
• Physical review letters
• 2006
This work predicts a quantized spin Hall effect in the absence of any magnetic field, where the intrinsic spin Hall conductance is quantized in units of 2(e/4pi). Expand
A topological Dirac insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase
The direct observation of massive Dirac particles in the bulk of Bi0.9Sb0.1 is reported, which suggests that the observed surface state on the boundary of the bulk insulator is a realization of the ‘topological metal’, which has potential application in developing next-generation quantum computing devices that may incorporate ‘light-like’ bulk carriers and spin-textured surface currents. Expand
Quantum spin Hall effect in graphene.
• Physics, Medicine
• Physical review letters
• 2005
Graphene is converted from an ideal two-dimensional semimetallic state to a quantum spin Hall insulator and the spin and charge conductances in these edge states are calculated and the effects of temperature, chemical potential, Rashba coupling, disorder, and symmetry breaking fields are discussed. Expand
Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Topological Phase Transition in HgTe Quantum Wells
• Physics, Medicine
• Science
• 2006
We show that the quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect, a state of matter with topological properties distinct from those of conventional insulators, can be realized in mercury telluride–cadmium tellurideExpand
Dyons of charge eθ/2π
It is shown that in CP non-conserving theories, the electric charge of an 't Hooft-Polyakov magnetic monopole will not ordinarily be integral, or even rational in units of the fundamental charge e.Expand
Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells
The quantum phase transition at the critical thickness, d = 6.3 nanometers, was independently determined from the magnetic field–induced insulator-to-metal transition, providing experimental evidence of the quantum spin Hall effect. Expand
Fermion-Boson Puzzle in a Gauge Theory
• Physics
• 1976
It is argued that magnetic monopoles in an SU(2) gauge theory may bind with an ordinary boson with isospin to give bound states with spin. If the isospin of the free boson is integer orExpand
Effective-field-theory model for the fractional quantum Hall effect.
• Physics, Medicine
• Physical review letters
• 1989
A field-theory model for the fractional quantum Hall effect and an approximate coarse-grained version of the same model are derived, and a Landau-Ginzburg theory similar to that of Girvin is constructed. Expand
Topological field theory of time-reversal invariant insulators
• Physics
• 2008
We show that the fundamental time-reversal invariant (TRI) insulator exists in $4+1$ dimensions, where the effective-field theory is described by the $(4+1)$-dimensional Chern-Simons theory and theExpand