• DOI:10.1177/0022022103034003005
• Corpus ID: 32361036

Individualism, Collectivism, and Authoritarianism in Seven Societies

@article{Kemmelmeier2003IndividualismCA,
  title={Individualism, Collectivism, and Authoritarianism in Seven Societies},
  author={Markus Kemmelmeier and Eugene Burnstein and Krum Krumov and Petia Genkova and Chie Kanagawa and Matthew Hirshberg and Hans Peter Erb and Grażyna Wieczorkowska and Kimberly A. Noels},
  journal={Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  year={2003},
  volume={34},
  pages={304 - 322}
}

• M. Kemmelmeier, E. Burnstein, +6 authors K. Noels
• Published 1 May 2003
• Psychology
• Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

Building on Hofstede's finding that individualism and social hierarchy are incompatible at the societal level, the authors examined the relationship between individualism-collectivism and orientations toward authority at the individual level. In Study 1, authoritarianism was related to three measures of collectivism but unrelated to three measures of individualism in a U.S. sample (N = 382). Study 2 used Triandis's horizontal-vertical individualism-collectivism framework in samples from Bulgaria, Japan, New Zealand, Germany, Poland, Canada, and the United States (total N = 1,018). Both at the individual level and the societal level of analysis, authoritarianism was correlated with vertical individualism and vertical collectivism but unrelated to horizontal collectivism. Horizontal individualism was unrelated to authoritarianism except in post-Communist societies whose recent history presumably made salient the incompatibility between state authority and self-determination.