Independent Origins of Middle Ear Bones in Monotremes and Therians

@article{Rich2005IndependentOO,
  title={Independent Origins of Middle Ear Bones in Monotremes and Therians},
  author={Thomas H. V. Rich and James A. Hopson and Anne M. Musser and Tim Fridtjof Flannery and Pat Vickers-Rich},
  journal={Science},
  year={2005},
  volume={307},
  pages={910 - 914}
}
A dentary of the oldest known monotreme, the Early Cretaceous Teinolophos trusleri, has an internal mandibular trough, which in outgroups to mammals houses accessory jaw bones, and probable contact facets for angular, coronoid, and splenial bones. Certain of these accessory bones were detached from the mandible to become middle ear bones in mammals. Evidence that the angular (homologous with the mammalian ectotympanic) and the articular and prearticular (homologous with the mammalian malleus… Expand
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TLDR
It is shown that this vital function is carried out by the earlier developing, cartilaginous incus of the middle ear, abutting the cranial base to form a cranio-mandibular articulation. Expand
Comment on "Independent Origins of Middle Ear Bones in Monotremes and Therians" (I)
TLDR
The middle ear ossicles of all extant, adult members of crown-group Mammalia are homologous with a series of bones in the lower jaw of nonmammalian amniotes, suggesting that the structurally complex mammalian ear evolved independently. Expand
Homoplasy in the Mammalian Ear
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A new fossil-the dentary bone of an ancient toothed monotreme-suggests that the middle ear bones formed independently in these two mammalian lineages, providing a remarkable example of homoplastic evolution. Expand
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TLDR
It is shown that this vital function is carried out by the earlier developing, cartilaginous incus of the middle ear, abutting the cranial base to form a cranio-mandibular articulation. Expand
Response to Comments on "Independent Origins of Middle Ear Bones in Monotremes and Therians"
W e stand by our assessment of the taxonomic identity of Teinolophos trusleri and maintain that this specimen shows features that support an independent evolution of the middle ear in living… Expand
A new eutriconodont mammal and evolutionary development in early mammals
TLDR
A Mesozoic eutriconodont nested within crown mammals that clearly illustrates this transition: the middle ear bones are connected to the mandible via an ossified Meckel’s cartilage, adding to the evidence of homoplasy of vertebral characters in the thoraco-lumbar transition and unfused lumbar ribs among early mammals. Expand
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On page 276 of this issue, Zhou et al. (1) report on a newly discovered 165-million-year-old fossil from China in which the bones of the first three pharyngeal arches are preserved and define a new taxon named Microdocodon. Expand
On the phylogenetic position of monotremes (Mammalia, Monotremata)
TLDR
The Jurassic shuotheriid Pseudotribos shows a great plesiomorphic similarity to monotremes in the structure of the pectoral girdle, with a large interclavicle immovably connected to the clavicle. Expand
Disconnecting bones within the jaw‐otic network modules underlies mammalian middle ear evolution
TLDR
The analysis allows the identification of three types of anatomical modules evolving through five evolutionary stages during the anatomical transformation of the jawbones into middle ear bones, with the ossification and degradation of Meckel's cartilage in mammals as the key ontogenetic event leading the change of anatomical modularity. Expand
Evolutionary Development of the Middle Ear in Mesozoic Therian Mammals
TLDR
A Cretaceous trechnotherian mammal with an ossified Meckel’s cartilage in the adult is reported, showing that homoplastic evolution of the DMME occurred in derived therian mammals, besides the known cases of eutriconodonts. Expand
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