Increased Pelvic Incidence is Associated With a More Coronal Facet Orientation in the Lower Lumbar Spine: A Cadaveric Study of 599 Lumbar Spines

@article{Weinberg2016IncreasedPI,
  title={Increased Pelvic Incidence is Associated With a More Coronal Facet Orientation in the Lower Lumbar Spine: A Cadaveric Study of 599 Lumbar Spines},
  author={Douglas S. Weinberg and Katherine K. Xie and Raymond W. Liu and Jeremy J. Gebhart and Zachary L. Gordon},
  journal={SPINE},
  year={2016},
  volume={41},
  pages={E1138–E1145}
}
Study Design. An anatomic study of facet angle orientation and morphology of the lumbar spine was performed. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine how age, gender, race, and pelvic incidence (PI) correlate with facet orientation in the lumbar spine. Summary of Background Data. Lumbar facet orientation has important implications in the development of numerous pathologies of the spine, including arthritis, spondylolisthesis, and adult spinal deformity. Preliminary reports have… 
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Increased and decreased pelvic incidence, sagittal facet joint orientations are associated with lumbar spine osteoarthritis in a large cadaveric collection
TLDR
Facet arthritis was correlated with a more sagittal orientation of the facet joints, increased tropism, and perturbations of pelvic incidence, as well as a decreased facet angle, which was predictive of increased arthritis at each joint level.
Pelvic Incidence Is Associated With Sacral Curvature, Sacroiliac Joint Angulation, and Sacral Ala Width
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The data supports the theory that increased PI is associated with a highly angulated and curved sacrum, with corresponding changes in the SI joint, and narrowed sacral alae.
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The results confirm the existence of a significant association between lumbar IVDP and FT; however, a causal relationship could not be ascertained.
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TLDR
Current research demonstrates that there is an association between vertebral rotation and facet tropism, suggesting that vertebral rotated may also have a certain degree of correlation with lumbar degenerative diseases.
Substantial vertebral body osteophytes protect against severe vertebral fractures in compression
TLDR
VTD was a good predictor of the dynamic force and energy at failure for specimens without substantial osteophytes and provided a protective mechanism to the underlying vertebra against severe compression fractures.
Iliopsoas the Hidden Muscle: Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Treatment
TLDR
relevant anatomy is reviewed, common pathologies are discussed, clinical based examination methods are presented, and conservative treatment interventions focusing on manual therapy and active exercises are outlined.

References

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TLDR
This is the first report showing that PI is significantly and linearly associated with LL, FJ arthritis and more sagittal FJ orientation at the lower lumbar spine.
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TLDR
Individuals with more frontally oriented facets in the lower lumbar vertebrae incorporated with facet tropism are at a greater risk for developing isthmic spondylolysis at L5.
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TLDR
A comprehensive database for facet orientation in the thoracolumbar vertebrae and to determine the normal human condition are established and asymmetry in facet orientation is a normal characteristic inThe thorax.
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TLDR
A significant association between sagittal orientation and OA of the lumbar facet joints at level L4-L5 is confirmed and additional longitudinal studies are needed to understand the causal relationship between facet joint orientation andOA.
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TLDR
Pelvic incidence was significantly higher in patients with low- and high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis as compared with controls and had significant correlation with the Meyerding–Newman grades.
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TLDR
The increase in facet angles at levels other than that of the spondylolisthesis suggests that increased facet angles represent variations in anatomy rather than a secondary result of spondyolistshesis.
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TLDR
The data suggest that pelvic incidence does not change with age or height, although racial differences do exist, and the normative data provided herein will provide an essential reference.
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TLDR
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TLDR
A significant association between sagittal orientation and OA of the lumbar facet joints at L4–L5 and DS is confirmed and additional, longitudinal studies are needed to understand the causal relationship between facet joint morphology andOA.
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