Implicit Power Motivation Moderates Men's Testosterone Responses to Imagined and Real Dominance Success

@article{Schultheiss1999ImplicitPM,
  title={Implicit Power Motivation Moderates Men's Testosterone Responses to Imagined and Real Dominance Success},
  author={Oliver C. Schultheiss and Kenneth L. Campbell and David C. Mcclelland},
  journal={Hormones and Behavior},
  year={1999},
  volume={36},
  pages={234-241}
}
This study tested the hypothesis that implicit power motivation moderates individuals' testosterone responses to the anticipated success in and actual outcome of a dominance contest. Salivary testosterone levels were assessed in 42 male students at the beginning of the study, after they had imagined a success in an ensuing power contest, and immediately after the contest had taken place. Contest outcome (winning or losing against a competitor on a speed-based task) was varied experimentally… 
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Examination of interactions of implicit power motivation and experimentally varied victory or defeat in a contest on implicit learning of a visuomotor sequence associated with the contest outcome and changes in testosterone and self-reported affect found that in men and women, power motivation predicted enhanced learning after a victory and impairedlearning after a defeat.
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A hormonal model of implicit power motivation is proposed that describes how testosterone levels change as an interactive function of individuals' implicitPower motivation and dominance situations and proposes that estradiol, and not testosterone, plays a key role in dominance motivation in women.
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