Impact of physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum on chronic disease risk.

@article{Pivarnik2006ImpactOP,
  title={Impact of physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum on chronic disease risk.},
  author={James M. Pivarnik and Heather O Neal Chambliss and James F. Clapp and Sheila A. Dugan and Maureen C. Hatch and Cheryl A. Lovelady and Michelle F. Mottola and Michelle A. Williams},
  journal={Medicine and science in sports and exercise},
  year={2006},
  volume={38 5},
  pages={
          989-1006
        }
}
Research over the past 20 years has focused on the safety of physical activity during pregnancy. Guidelines for health care providers and pregnant/postpartum women have been developed from the results of these studies. The overwhelming results of most studies have shown few negative effects on the pregnancy of a healthy gravida, but rather, be beneficial to the maternal-fetal unit. Recently, researchers have begun to consider the role of maternal physical activity in a more traditional chronic… 
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Health benefits of physical activity during pregnancy: an international perspective.
TLDR
Evidence from epidemiological studies conducted in the United States, Canada, and Scandinavia on the benefits of LTPA and exercise during pregnancy with regard to maternal health, pregnancy outcomes, and child health is synthesized.
Exercise in Pregnancy and Postpartum
TLDR
Future research is needed to help solidify the physical activity parameters most effective for optimization of prenatal, postpartum, and offspring health outcomes.
The Role of Physical Activity in Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum Health.
TLDR
Beneficial outcomes validate the importance of regular physical activity, yet key methodological gaps highlight the need for large, high-quality studies to clarify the optimal type, frequency, duration and intensity of physical activity required for beneficial health outcomes during preconception, pregnancy and postpartum.
The Potential Impact of Physical Activity During Pregnancy on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
TLDR
An overview of maternal-fetal exercise physiology is provided, current evidence on the effects of physical activity during pregnancy on maternal- Fetal outcomes is summarized, and the most recent clinical practice guidelines are reviewed.
Physical activity patterns during pregnancy through postpartum
TLDR
Overall physical activity for the cohort decreased from 17-22 weeks to 27-30 weeks of gestation, but rebounded up at 3 months postpartum and remained stable at 12 months post Partum, as compared to their activity level during pregnancy.
Antenatal physical activity: Investigating the effects on postpartum depression
TLDR
Not engaging in antenatal exercise may be associated with an increase risk of PPD, and further research is warranted to better understand the effects of antenatal sedentary behavior on PPD.
Physical Activity and Pregnancy
TLDR
There is sufficient empirical evidence to support the promotion of moderate-to-vigorous prenatal physical activity for maternal health benefits and future studies and interventions should be carefully designed, theoretically driven, and include validated and reliable activity measures.
Exercise, sports participation, and musculoskeletal disorders of pregnancy and postpartum.
TLDR
An approach to developing an exercise program during pregnancy will be discussed, as well as the potential benefits of such a program for the maternal-fetal unit, and common pregnancy-related musculoskeletal conditions, including a discussion of the anatomy, physiology, diagnosis, and treatment of such disorders.
The Effect of Exercise During Pregnancy on Maternal Outcomes: Practical Implications for Practice
TLDR
Overall, the evidence indicates that exercise during pregnancy is safe and perhaps even reduces the risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, and practitioners should encourage their healthy pregnant patients to exercise.
Effects of Physical Activity During Pregnancy on Neonatal Birth Weight
TLDR
It is indicated that a considerable reduction of time and total energy expenditure occur as pregnancy progresses, and physical activity during pregnancy does not appear to significantly affect neonatal birth weight.
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