Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation.

@article{Teng2007ImmunoglobulinSH,
  title={Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation.},
  author={Grace Teng and Fotini Nina Papavasiliou},
  journal={Annual review of genetics},
  year={2007},
  volume={41},
  pages={
          107-20
        }
}
The immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoire achieves functional diversification through several somatic alterations of the Ig locus. One of these processes, somatic hypermutation (SHM), deposits point mutations into the variable region of the Ig gene to generate higher-affinity variants. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) converts cytidine to uridine to initiate the hypermutation process. Error-prone versions of DNA repair are believed to then process these lesions into a diverse spectrum of… 
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The biochemistry of somatic hypermutation.

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase is the first of a complex series of proteins that introduce point mutations into variable regions of the Ig genes and regulated on many levels by complex mechanisms that are only beginning to be elucidated.

Balancing AID and DNA repair during somatic hypermutation.

Reflections on the state of play in somatic hypermutation.

Diversification of the immunoglobulin genes: analysis of the molecular mechanisms in the chicken B cell line DT40

The main goal of the work was the examination of the locus specificity of the immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation in the model system DT40, finding a 200 bp DNA-fragment which is both necessary and sufficient to confer the HM activity.

Nonimmunoglobulin target loci of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) share unique features with immunoglobulin genes

To identify as-yet-unknown AID targets, early AID-induced DNA breaks are screened by using two independent genome-wide approaches and a set of unique genes are identified and it is confirmed that these loci accumulated mutations as frequently as Ig locus after AID activation.

Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes in Rad18 knockout mice.

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase in antibody diversification and chromosome translocation.

Three‐dimensional architecture of the IgH locus facilitates class switch recombination

It is recounted how transcription across S DNA promotes accumulation of RNA polymerase II, leading to the introduction of activating chromatin modifications and hyperaccessible chromatin that is amenable to AID activity.

AID-Targeting and Hypermutation of Non-Immunoglobulin Genes Does Not Correlate with Proximity to Immunoglobulin Genes in Germinal Center B Cells

It is concluded that proximity to Ig loci is unlikely to be a major determinant of AID targeting or mutation of non-Ig genes, and that the MYC transgenes are either missing important regulatory elements that allow mutation or are unable to mutate because their new nuclear position is not conducive to AID deamination.

Regulation of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination: choreography of noncoding transcription, targeted DNA deamination, and long-range DNA repair.

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