Immune therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus

@article{Lernmark2013ImmuneTI,
  title={Immune therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus},
  author={{\AA}ke Lernmark and Helena Elding Larsson},
  journal={Nature Reviews Endocrinology},
  year={2013},
  volume={9},
  pages={92-103}
}
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder directed against the β cells of the pancreatic islets. The genetic risk of the disease is linked to HLA-DQ risk alleles and unknown environmental triggers. In most countries, only 10–15% of children or young adults newly diagnosed with T1DM have a first-degree relative with the disease. Autoantibodies against insulin, GAD65, IA-2 or the ZnT8 transporter mark islet autoimmunity. These islet autoantibodies may already have developed in… 
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92 Citations
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92 Citations

Advances in immunotherapy of type I diabetes.

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TLDR
The prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes are diverse, explained in part by the heterogeneous distribution of HLA genetic factors on chromosome 6 that control the body’s way of dealing with infectious diseases.

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The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of this disorder's pathogenesis, risk factors that cause the disease, as well as to bring forward an ideal approach to prevent and cure the disorder.

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TLDR
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of this disorder’s pathogenesis, risk factors that cause the disease, as well as to bring forward an ideal approach to prevent and cure the disorder.

Overcoming barriers in clinical islet transplantation: current limitations and future prospects.

TLDR
Development of the “artificial pancreas,” an integrated closed-loop control system that combines continuous glucose monitoring with subcutaneous insulin infusion, has been shown to significantly improve glycemic control, although refinement for routine ambulatory use is still in evolution.

Immunomodulators in Prophylaxis and Therapy of Type-1 Diabetes

Islet-Derived CD4 T Cells Targeting Proinsulin in Human Autoimmune Diabetes

TLDR
It is shown that proinsulin peptides are targeted by islet-infiltrating T cells from patients with type 1 diabetes with a short disease duration with high-risk HLA genes using a direct T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing approach without long-term cell culture.

DiaPep277® and immune intervention for treatment of type 1 diabetes.

Advances in the cellular immunological pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes

TLDR
This review outlines the cellular immunological mechanism of type 1 diabetes, with a particular emphasis to T lymphocyte and natural killer cells, and provides the effective immune therapy in T1D, which is approached at three stages.
...

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