Immune activation and inflammation in HIV‐1 infection: causes and consequences

@article{Appay2008ImmuneAA,
  title={Immune activation and inflammation in HIV‐1 infection: causes and consequences},
  author={Victor Appay and Delphine Sauce},
  journal={The Journal of Pathology},
  year={2008},
  volume={214}
}
Thorough research on HIV is progressively enabling us to understand the intricate mechanisms that link HIV‐1 infection to the onset of immunodeficiency. The infection and depletion of CD4+ T cells represent the most fundamental events in HIV‐1 infection. However, in recent years, the role played by chronic immune activation and inflammation in HIV pathogenesis has become increasingly apparent: quite paradoxically, immune activation levels are directly associated with HIV‐1 disease progression… 
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702 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
39
Background Citations
258
Methods Citations
1
Results Citations
14

702 Citations

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TLDR
The long-term management of the disease will incorporate both the identification and the amelioration of the potentially harmful effects of ongoing immune activation and inflammation, which are broad concepts involving the interaction of various key players in the immune system.
The paradox of the immune response in HIV infection: when inflammation becomes harmful.
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Immune activation and immune aging in HIV infection
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Developing rational interventions to reduce the hyper-inflammatory status of HIV-1-infected patients requires a clearer delineation of the factors contributing to the increased levels of systemic immune activation.
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The results show that the immune activation can lead to profound change in stromal and epithelial cells, and a novel role for microbial translocation and the associated immune activation, contributing to the loss of memory B cells during HIV-1 infection is identified.
HIV-1 Infection and the Aging of the Immune System: Facts, Similarities and Perspectives
Immune activation and HIV persistence: implications for curative approaches to HIV infection
TLDR
A vicious cycle might exist in which HIV persistence causes inflammation that in turn contributes to HIV persistence, suggesting novel interventions aimed at curing the infection or preventing the development of inflammation‐associated end‐organ disease.
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The causes and consequences of the HIV-associated chronic immune activation, and potential therapeutic approaches to lower its impact are discussed.
Chronic Immune Activation is the Cause of AIDS: Implication of Treatment in the Developing World
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An effective probiotic treatment for HIV infections has the potential of being grown locally in resource limited regions and by the users themselves; therefore, reducing cost of HIV treatment and prolonging the health of HIV-infected individuals.
Editorial: NK cell immune activation in HIV‐1 infection: flipping the bad and good side of the same coin
TLDR
Although not productively infected by the virus, the interaction of HIV-1 with NK cells markedly affects host immune responses and leads to a defective control of viral spreading and to disease progression.
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References

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