Ignoring Advice and Consent? The Uses of Judicial Recess Appointments

@article{Graves2010IgnoringAA,
  title={Ignoring Advice and Consent? The Uses of Judicial Recess Appointments},
  author={Scott E. Graves and Robert Matthew Howard},
  journal={Political Research Quarterly},
  year={2010},
  volume={63},
  pages={640 - 653}
}
The authors seek to answer the questions of why presidents use the power to temporarily seat federal court judges during recesses of the Senate. The use of the recess power can upset the carefully calculated separation of powers envisioned by the framers, shifting power away from one branch of government toward another. Examining every judicial recess appointment from 1789 to 2004, the authors discover that presidents are conditionally strategic in their use of the unilateral authority to… 
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