# INDIRECT EXCHANGE COUPLING OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC MOMENTS BY CONDUCTION ELECTRONS

@article{Ruderman1954INDIRECTEC,
title={INDIRECT EXCHANGE COUPLING OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC MOMENTS BY CONDUCTION ELECTRONS},
author={Malvin Avram Ruderman and Charles Kittel},
journal={Physical Review},
year={1954},
volume={96},
pages={99-102}
}
• Published 1 October 1954
• Physics
• Physical Review
A calculation is given of the indirect exchange ${\mathrm{I}}_{i}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\mathrm{I}}_{j}$ type coupling of nuclear magnetic moments in a metal by means of the hyperfine interaction with the conduction electrons. The interaction appears to account qualitatively for the broad nuclear spin resonance lines observed in natural metallic silver. It is expected that the interaction may sharpen the resonances in pure isotopic specimens. The line shape of the minority…
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