Human embryonic stem cell-derived cells rescue visual function in dystrophic RCS rats.

@article{Lund2006HumanES,
  title={Human embryonic stem cell-derived cells rescue visual function in dystrophic RCS rats.},
  author={Raymond D. Lund and Shaomei Wang and Irina V. Klimanskaya and Toby M. Holmes and Rebeca Ramos-Kelsey and Bin Lu and S. V. Girman and Nicholas Bischoff and Yves Sauve and Robert Lanza},
  journal={Cloning and stem cells},
  year={2006},
  volume={8 3},
  pages={
          189-99
        }
}
Embryonic stem cells promise to provide a well-characterized and reproducible source of replacement tissue for human clinical studies. An early potential application of this technology is the use of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases such as macular degeneration. Here we show the reproducible generation of RPE (67 passageable cultures established from 18 different hES cell lines); batches of RPE derived from NIH-approved hES cells (H9) were… 
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Improvements are needed to increase the yield and purity of the RPE cultures in order to reach sufficient amount of maturated cells with RPE characteristics, which can be utilized safely in therapeutic use.

Enhanced functional integration of human photoreceptor precursors into human and rodent retina in an ex vivo retinal explant model system.

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Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into functional retinal pigment epithelium cells.

RPE and Stem Cell Therapy

Two RPE cell transplantation strategies—each with their own pros and cons—are currently under development: injection of a single-cell suspension, and transplantation of intact RPE sheet with or without a biomaterial-based scaffold.

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Work reported by several groups, including the own, that clearly demonstrate that transplanted RPE cells can provide anatomical and functional photoreceptor rescue in animal models of retinal degeneration are summarized.

Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium for the Treatment of Macular Degeneration

In the first ever clinical trial of subretinal hESC-RPE transplantation in humans, no adverse events related to the treatment, such as hyperproliferation, tumorigenicity, inflammation, infection, or rejection, were noted in either patient.

Transplantation of GMP-grade human iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells in rodent model: the first pre-clinical study for safety and efficacy in China.

The transplanted iRPE cells survived for at least 19 weeks and maintained visual function for 15 weeks, and are considered a promising source of cell replacement therapy for AMD.
...

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