How to diagnose and treat post-stroke seizures and epilepsy.

@article{Zelano2020HowTD,
  title={How to diagnose and treat post-stroke seizures and epilepsy.},
  author={Johan Zelano and Martin Holtkamp and Nivedita Agarwal and Simona Lattanzi and Eugen Trinka and Francesco Brigo},
  journal={Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape},
  year={2020},
  volume={22 3},
  pages={
          252-263
        }
}
Stroke is one of the commonest causes of seizures and epilepsy, mainly among the elderly and adults. This seminar paper aims to provide an updated overview of post-stroke seizures and post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) and offers clinical guidance to anyone involved in the treatment of patients with seizures and stroke. The distinction between acute symptomatic seizures occurring within seven days from stroke (early seizures) and unprovoked seizures occurring afterwards (late seizures) is crucial… 
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23 Citations
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Background Citations
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23 Citations

Seizures and Epilepsy After Stroke: Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Management

The epidemiology, risk factors, biomarkers, and management of seizures after an ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke are described and the special considerations required for the treatment of post-stroke epilepsy due to the age, Co-morbidities, co-medication, and vulnerability of stroke survivors are discussed.

Poststroke Seizure and Epilepsy: A Review of Incidence, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Therapies

The evidence strongly suggests that the second generation AEDs are a superior treatment method for PSE, with multiple studies demonstrating a reduction in incidence using statins alone, statins in combination with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and statins with aspirin.

Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for late-onset epilepsy

The choice of the initial ASM in elderly patients newly diagnosed with epilepsy should be made with caution, considering several pharmacological and clinical issues, including the age-related changes that can influence the pharmacokinetics of antiseizure medications (ASMs).

Predictors of Pharmaco-Resistance in Patients with Post-Stroke Epilepsy

Pharmaco-resistance developed in approximately 20% of patients with PSE and was associated with younger age at stroke onset, stroke type and severity, status epilepticus occurrence, and seizure types.

Impact of seizures and their prophylaxis with antiepileptic drugs on rehabilitation course of patients with traumatic or hemorrhagic brain injury

S Severity of brain injury and occurrence of seizures during neurorehabilitation are the main driver of poor outcome in both HS and TBI, and the possible detrimental role on the epileptogenic and functional outcome played by seizures prophylaxis with AEDs warrants further investigation.

Inflammation Mediated Epileptogenesis as Possible Mechanism Underlying Ischemic Post-stroke Epilepsy

An overview of commonalities of inflammatory reactions and cellular processes in the post-ischemic environment and epileptic brain and discuss how these research questions should be addressed in the future are provided.

Frequency of epileptic seizures in patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy after ischemic stroke

Update on first unprovoked seizure in children and adults: A narrative review

Drug-resistant epilepsy at the age extremes: Disentangling the underlying etiology

Statin use and the risk of post-stroke seizures: A meta-analysis