How to be a fig wasp.
@article{Weiblen2002HowTB, title={How to be a fig wasp.}, author={George D. Weiblen}, journal={Annual review of entomology}, year={2002}, volume={47}, pages={ 299-330 } }
In the two decades since Janzen described how to be a fig, more than 200 papers have appeared on fig wasps (Agaonidae) and their host plants (Ficus spp., Moraceae). Fig pollination is now widely regarded as a model system for the study of coevolved mutualism, and earlier reviews have focused on the evolution of resource conflicts between pollinating fig wasps, their hosts, and their parasites. Fig wasps have also been a focus of research on sex ratio evolution, the evolution of virulence…
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How to be a fig wasp parasite on the fig-fig wasp mutualism.
- BiologyCurrent opinion in insect science
- 2015
The role of non-fig-wasp insects on fig tree biology, with a proposal of the F phase (Fallen figs)
- Environmental Science, GeographyActa Oecologica
- 2018
An inquiline fig wasp using seeds as a resource for small male production: a potential first step for the evolution of new feeding habits?
- Biology
- 2007
This is the first report of seed consumption by a fig wasp, suggesting that using an alternative resource to produce small males could provide a pathway to select for increased ability to use this resource and hence provide an intermediate step for evolving the capacity to use new resources.
Fig and fig wasp biology: A perspective from the East
- Environmental Science
- 2008
An overview of current themes in fig-fig wasp research is provided and a number of the papers presented here pioneer new methods to address difficulties in determining their life-histories and promise to prise open this field.
Community Structure and Undescribed Species Diversity in Non-Pollinating Fig Wasps Associated with the Strangler Fig Ficus petiolaris
- Biology, Environmental Science
- 2020
Morphological and ecological data provide support that the wasps are partitioning niches within the figs, explaining the coexistence of these diverse lineages on the same host fig.
A new species of high mountain Andean fig wasp (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) with a detailed description of its life cycle
- Biology
- 2008
A new species of fig wasp is described, Pegoscapus bacataensis, pollinator of the Andean fig tree, Ficus andicola; as well as providing the first detailed description of the Fig wasp life cycle.
Speciation in fig wasps
- Biology, Environmental Science
- 2010
Combined with recent evidence on host specificity patterns, this suggests that pollinator wasps may often speciate by host shifts between closely related figs, or by duplication (the wasp speciates but the fig doesn't).
Critical review of host specificity and its coevolutionary implications in the fig/fig-wasp mutualism
- Biology, Environmental ScienceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- 2005
The idea that codivergence between figs and their pollinators has been dominated by strict-sense cospeciation is critically examined and phylogenetic and population genetic data are presented that suggest that a more accurate model for diversification in this mutualism is that of groups of genetically well defined wasp species coevolving with genetically less well defined groups of figs.
How to be a fig wasp down under: the diversity and structure of an Australian fig wasp community
- Environmental Science, Biology
- 2014
Are nematodes costly to fig tree–fig wasp mutualists?
- Biology
- 2019
The results showed that Ficophagus microcarpus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) was the only nematode in F.microcarpa, and in G. hispida, Martininema guangzhouensis was the dominant nematodes species, whereas FICophagus centerae was rare.
References
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Fig wasps cannot exist by themselves. They live in a close and obligate symbiosis with the figs (Ficus) in the sycones of which they breed, each species of wasp with its own species of fig. The figs…
An overview of studies on a community of Panamanian figs
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These studies suggest the critical role for comparative work of many species, preferably at many sites, in the understanding of this complex mutualism of monoecious figs.
Exceptions to the one:one relationship between African fig trees and their fig wasp pollinators: possible evolutionary scenarios
- Environmental Science, Biology
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Habitat shifts and ecological barriers seem to be the more likely explanations for the evolution of novel fig tree-fig wasp associations, but sympatric and parapatric scenarios cannot be ruled out.
CO-EVOLUTION OF FIGS AND THEIR INSECT POLLINATORS
- Biology
- 1979
The figs and fig wasps are interdependent; generally, their relation is strictly specific-i.e. every species of fig has its own species of pollinator wasp.
COMPARATIVE COMMUNITY ECOLOGY STUDIES ON OLD WORLD FIGS AND FIG WASPS
- Environmental Science, Biology
- 2000
It is argued that the fig wasps represent an interesting model for studies of community ecology, and concepts developed in parasitoid community ecology could now be tested on this promising model.
Relationship between a mutualist and a parasite of the laurel fig, Ficus microcarpa L.
- Environmental Science
- 1996
A fig sample collected at Sfax, Tunisia, was analysed, and randomization of the results showed a highly significant negative correlation between the numbers of wasps and parasites, which decreases the fecundity of the figs.
The Behavior and Morphology of the Fig Wasps Pegoscapus Assuetus and P. Jimenezi:Descriptions and Suggested Behavioral Characters for Phylogenetic Studies
- Environmental Science
- 1984
General trends in the mechanism of pollination across subtaxa of Ficus and Agaonidae can be inferred from fig inflorescence and fig wasp morphology, but the actual details of both pollen collecting and pollination by the wasps have only been studied in a few species.
Population Structure and the Evolution of Virulence in Nematode Parasites of Fig Wasps
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- 1993
For 11 species of Panamanian fig wasps, those species characterized by population structures that result in increased opportunities for parasite transmission harbor more virulent species of nematodes.
Virginity in haplodiploid populations: a study on fig wasps
- Environmental Science
- 1988
The fig wasps inhabiting the figs of Ficus hispidioides S. Moore in New Guinea were investigated and the absence of fighting and male wing dimorphism were studied in the context of the predictions of their occurrence by Hamilton (1979).
HOST SPECIFICITY OF FIG WASPS (AGAONIDAE)
- BiologyEvolution; international journal of organic evolution
- 1970
The evidence concerning host specificity of fig wasps is evaluated and the evidence concerning such specificity and its occasional breakdown is evaluated.