How does high DHA fish oil affect health? A systematic review of evidence

@article{GhasemiFard2019HowDH,
  title={How does high DHA fish oil affect health? A systematic review of evidence},
  author={Samaneh Ghasemi Fard and Fenglei Wang and Andrew J Sinclair and Glenn Elliott and Giovanni M. Turchini},
  journal={Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition},
  year={2019},
  volume={59},
  pages={1684 - 1727}
}
ABSTRACT The health benefits of fish oil, and its omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content, have attracted much scientific attention in the last four decades. Fish oils that contain higher amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), in a distinctive ratio of 18/12, are typically the most abundantly available and are commonly studied. Although the two fatty acids have traditionally been considered together, as though they were one entity… 
View on Taylor & Francis
tandfonline.com
107 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
2
Background Citations
30
Methods Citations
2

107 Citations

Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, EPA and DHA: Bridging the Gap between Supply and Demand
TLDR
All the new sources have potentially important roles to play in increasing the supply of n-3 LC-PUFA so that they are available more widely and in higher concentrations providing more options and opportunities for human consumers to obtain sufficient EPA and DHA to support more healthy, balanced diets.
Microalgae as sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Biotechnological aspects
Comparative effects of dietary microalgae oil and fish oil on fatty acid composition and sensory quality of table eggs
Omega−3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): Emerging Plant and Microbial Sources, Oxidative Stability, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits—A Review
TLDR
The nutritional aspects of commercially exploited sources of n−3 PUFAs from plants, microalgae, macroalgae; and thraustochytrids, and future prospects in these areas are discussed.
Bioavailability and conversion of plant based sources of omega-3 fatty acids – a scoping review to update supplementation options for vegetarians and vegans
TLDR
Preliminary advice for vegetarians and vegans is regular consumption of preformed EPA and DHA supplements may help maintain optimal O3I, and further studies should establish optimum EPA andDHA ratios and dosages in vegetarian and vegan populations.
Comparing docosahexaenoic acid supplementation strategies in terms of broiler tissue enrichment, productivity, and cost
Engineering docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in Brassica juncea
TLDR
The principal sources of DPA are wild oceanic fish species and an inexpensive and sustainable supply of this important ω3 fatty acid is highly desirable to conduct large scale human intervention studies to examine the role ofπ3-DPA in relation to optimal health.
Altered levels of shorter vs long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in commercial diets for market-sized Atlantic salmon reared in seawater – Effects on fatty acid composition, metabolism and product quality
Fast and Specific Screening of EPA/DHA-Enriched Phospholipids in Fish Oil Extracted from Different Species by HILIC-MS.
TLDR
A precursor ion scan-driven hydrophilic interaction chromatography mass spectrometry method with the fatty acyl moieties of m/z 301.6 and 327.6 was established to specifically and selectively screen PLEPA/DHA in different fish oil samples, including saury, grass carp, hairtail, and yellow croaker.
Omega-3 fatty acids in pathological calcification and bone health.
TLDR
It is infers that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids aids in bone preservation in elder females at the risk of osteoporosis and also, on the contrary, omega- 3 fatty acids interfere with pathological calcification of vascular cells and cancer cells.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 308 REFERENCES
Effect of fish oils containing different amounts of EPA, DHA, and antioxidants on plasma and brain fatty acids and brain nitric oxide synthase activity in rats
TLDR
Both the EPA- and DHA-rich diets affected the blood lipids in a similarly positive manner, and they both had a large impact on plasma phospholipid fatty acids and in vivo lipid peroxidation, while the unstable oil diet resulted in smaller changes, especially in n-3 PUFAs.
Lack of effect of foods enriched with plant- or marine-derived n-3 fatty acids on human immune function.
TLDR
An intake of ALA or EPA+DHA does not alter the functional activity of neutrophils, monocytes, or lymphocytes, but it changes the fatty acid composition of mononuclear cells.
Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease.
TLDR
Evidence from epidemiological studies and RCTs will be reviewed, and recommendations reflecting the current state of knowledge will be made with regard to both fish consumption and omega-3 fatty acid (plant- and marine-derived) supplementation.
Effects of fish-oil supplementation on myocardial fatty acids in humans.
TLDR
The results of the present study show that dietary n-3 fatty acids are rapidly incorporated into human myocardial phospholipids at the expense of arachidonic acid during high-dose fish-oil supplementation.
Comparison of the effects of linseed oil and different doses of fish oil on mononuclear cell function in healthy human subjects.
TLDR
It is concluded that, with the exception of IL-6 production, a modest increase in intake of either ALNA or EPA+DHA does not influence the functional activity of mononuclear cells.
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: a review of the independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA
  • S. Dyall
  • Biology
    Front. Aging Neurosci.
  • 2015
TLDR
With a greater understanding of the individual roles of EPA, DPA and DHA in brain health and repair it is hoped that appropriate dietary recommendations can be established and therapeutic interventions can be more targeted and refined.
Effects of fish oil supplementation on markers of the metabolic syndrome.
Fish Oil Supplementation Alters the Plasma Lipidomic Profile and Increases Long-Chain PUFAs of Phospholipids and Triglycerides in Healthy Subjects
TLDR
In healthy subjects, fish oil supplementation alters lipid metabolism and increases the proportion of phospholipids and triglycerides containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
(n-3) fatty acids and cardiovascular health: are effects of EPA and DHA shared or complementary?
TLDR
The present evidence suggests that EPA and DHA have both shared and complementary benefits and increasing consumption of either would be advantageous compared to little or no consumption.
Effects of oils rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on immune cell composition and function in healthy humans.
TLDR
The fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids and neutrophils was dramatically altered by supplementation with EPA or DHA, and the effects of EPA differed notably from those of DHA.
...
...