How Massive Single Stars End Their Life

@article{Heger2003HowMS,
  title={How Massive Single Stars End Their Life},
  author={Alexander Heger and Chris L. Fryer and S. E. Woosley and Norbert Langer and Dieter H. Hartmann},
  journal={The Astrophysical Journal},
  year={2003},
  volume={591},
  pages={288 - 300}
}
How massive stars die—what sort of explosion and remnant each produces—depends chiefly on the masses of their helium cores and hydrogen envelopes at death. For single stars, stellar winds are the only means of mass loss, and these are a function of the metallicity of the star. We discuss how metallicity, and a simplified prescription for its effect on mass loss, affects the evolution and final fate of massive stars. We map, as a function of mass and metallicity, where black holes and neutron… 
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