How Likely Is Simpson’s Paradox?
@article{Pavlides2009HowLI, title={How Likely Is Simpson’s Paradox?}, author={Marios G. Pavlides and Michael D. Perlman}, journal={The American Statistician}, year={2009}, volume={63}, pages={226 - 233} }
What proportion of all 2×2×2 contingency tables exhibit Simpson’s Paradox? An exact answer is obtained for large sample sizes and extended to 2×2×ℓ tables by Monte Carlo approximation. Conditional probabilities of the occurrence of Simpson’s Paradox are also derived. If the observed cell proportions satisfy a Simpson reversal, the posterior probability that the population parameters satisfy the same reversal is obtained. This Bayesian analysis is applied to the well-known Simpson reversal of…
56 Citations
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