Hormonal Therapies for Individuals with Intersex Conditions

@article{Warne2005HormonalTF,
  title={Hormonal Therapies for Individuals with Intersex Conditions},
  author={Garry L. Warne and Sonia R Grover and Jeffrey D. Zajac},
  journal={Treatments in Endocrinology},
  year={2005},
  volume={4},
  pages={19-30}
}
Hormonal therapy forms part of the treatment of every intersex condition. For some conditions, such as salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hormonal replacement therapy is life saving because hormones necessary for survival (cortisol and aldosterone) are replaced. In contrast, other hormones such as androgens or mineralocorticoids are secreted in excessive amounts in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to an enzyme imbalance, and the role of hormonal therapy is to suppress the unwanted… 
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Even with greater understanding of the genetic causes of disorders of sex development, the complex management of these patients must be individualized, considering all aspects, informing as age-appropriate the parents and patient.
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    Endocrine development
  • 2013
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The identification of mutations in the AR gene in patients with androgen insensitivity is variable, and chances are lower the more subtle the phenotype is, so other currently unknown mechanisms must be hypothesized to lead to the respective phenotype.
Gender dysphoria associated with disorders of sex development
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Patients with simple virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia, as well as those with CAH and severe virilization, are less likely to have psychosexual disorders than patients with other types of DSD, and early surgery seems to be a safe option for most of these patients.
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Although aromatase inhibitors appear effective in increasing adult height of boys with short stature and/or pubertal delay, safety concerns, including vertebral deformities, a decrease in serum HDL cholesterol levels and increase of erythrocytosis, are reasons for caution.
Issues in the Long-Term Management of Adolescents and Adults with DSD: Management of Gonads, Genital Reconstruction, and Late Presentation of the Undiagnosed DSD
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The surgeon who once dealt primarily with DSD in infancy must be cognizant of the ever-changing guidelines and opinions related to the various disorders and engage the adolescent and young adult in the options available and the informed consent process.
Gender Incongruity in a Person with 46,XY and Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Raised as a Female.
TLDR
The patient has undergone bilateral orchiectomy and has initiated treatment with topical testosterone and bisphosphonates and has yet to evaluate the effects and decide the best therapy taking into account that he has a male gender identity but complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
Early assessment of ambiguous genitalia
TLDR
Not all intersex conditions are apparent at birth (for example, complete androgen insensitivity may only become apparent in a child with a testis within an inguinal hernia, or at puberty with primary amenorrhoea and lack of androgen hair), only those presenting with genital ambiguity at birth will be considered in this article.
Gender assignment and medical history of individuals with different forms of intersexuality: evaluation of medical records and the patients' perspective.
TLDR
The majority of participants had genital surgery to correct the appearance of their genitalia and/or to enable sexual functioning and the diagnostic groups differ not only in amount and invasiveness of experienced surgical and medical treatment but also in the subjective and retrospective evaluation of the treatment measures and in the amount of reported psychological distress.
Chapter 4 – Adrenal Disorders
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