Homologous recombination-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks operates in mammalian mitochondria

@article{Dahal2017HomologousRR,
  title={Homologous recombination-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks operates in mammalian mitochondria},
  author={Sumedha Dahal and Shubham Dubey and Sathees C. Raghavan},
  journal={Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences},
  year={2017},
  volume={75},
  pages={1641-1655}
}
Mitochondrial DNA is frequently exposed to oxidative damage, as compared to nuclear DNA. Previously, we have shown that while microhomology-mediated end joining can account for DNA deletions in mitochondria, classical nonhomologous DNA end joining, the predominant double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway in nucleus, is undetectable. In the present study, we investigated the presence of homologous recombination (HR) in mitochondria to maintain its genomic integrity. Biochemical studies revealed… Expand
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DNA-protein crosslinks are repaired via homologous recombination in mammalian mitochondria
TLDR
A PCR-based assay was employed to demonstrate that plasmids containing DNA-protein crosslinks are rapidly repaired following electroporation into isolated mammalian mitochondria, suggesting that mitochondria utilize homologous recombination to repair endogenous and xenobiotic-induced DNA- protein crosslinks. Expand
Mitochondrial Genome Maintenance: Damage and Repair Pathways
TLDR
It has been determined that to counteract damage, mitochondria possess well-defined repair pathways quite similar to those of the nucleus, among which are: base excision repair (BER), mismatch repair (MMR), single-strand break repair (SSBR), microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), and probably homology recombination dependent repair (HRR). Expand
Characterization of DNA double‐strand break repair pathways in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
TLDR
The results reveal the predominance of MMEJ over c‐NHEJ in repairing DSBs in DLBCL cells, while error‐free repair through HR was also evident, and HR‐mediated DSB repair occurring through gene conversion was observed. Expand
Mitochondrial genome stability in human: understanding the role of DNA repair pathways.
TLDR
The potential causes of mitochondrial genome fragility, their implications as well as various DNA repair pathways that operate in mitochondria are summarized. Expand
Enzymology of mitochondrial DNA repair.
TLDR
This chapter reviews what is currently known about how the main DNA repair pathways operate in mitochondria and contribute to mitochondrial DNA stability, with focus on the enzymology of mitochondrial DNA repair. Expand
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis at microhomologous regions of human mitochondrial genome
TLDR
InDel mutagenesis was significantly improved by sgRNA multiplexing and a DSB repair inhibitor, iniparib, demonstrating the evidence of rewiring D SB repair status to manipulate mtDNA using CRISPR/Cas9. Expand
Nonhomologous end joining: new accessory factors fine tune the machinery.
TLDR
MRI/CYREN seems to play a dual role stimulating NHEJ in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, while inhibiting the pathway in the S and G2 phases, and PAXX acts as a stabilizing factor for the main N HEJ components. Expand
Unleashing a Novel Function of Endonuclease G in Mitochondrial Genome Instability
TLDR
A novel property of Endonuclease G is identified, besides its role in apoptosis, and the recently described ‘elimination of paternal mitochondria during fertilization’, which is dependent on the formation of G4 DNA within the mitochondrial genome. Expand
Twist and Turn—Topoisomerase Functions in Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance
TLDR
The current knowledge about mitochondrial topoisomerases is summarized, paying special attention to mammalian mitochondrial genome maintenance and the open gaps in the existing knowledge of mtDNA topology control and the potential involvement of mitochondrial topisomerases in human pathologies are discussed. Expand
Human mitochondrial DNA repair
TLDR
The results of recent studies suggest a robust and complex network of repair pathways that maintain the integrity of this organellar genome. Expand
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