Homologous recombination-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks operates in mammalian mitochondria

@article{Dahal2017HomologousRR,
  title={Homologous recombination-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks operates in mammalian mitochondria},
  author={Sumedha Dahal and Shubham Dubey and Sathees C. Raghavan},
  journal={Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences},
  year={2017},
  volume={75},
  pages={1641-1655}
}
Mitochondrial DNA is frequently exposed to oxidative damage, as compared to nuclear DNA. Previously, we have shown that while microhomology-mediated end joining can account for DNA deletions in mitochondria, classical nonhomologous DNA end joining, the predominant double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway in nucleus, is undetectable. In the present study, we investigated the presence of homologous recombination (HR) in mitochondria to maintain its genomic integrity. Biochemical studies revealed… 
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42 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
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Background Citations
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42 Citations

Mitochondrial Genome Maintenance: Damage and Repair Pathways
TLDR
It has been determined that to counteract damage, mitochondria possess well-defined repair pathways quite similar to those of the nucleus, among which are: base excision repair (BER), mismatch repair (MMR), single-strand break repair (SSBR), microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), and probably homology recombination dependent repair (HRR).
Characterization of DNA double‐strand break repair pathways in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
TLDR
The results reveal the predominance of MMEJ over c‐NHEJ in repairing DSBs in DLBCL cells, while error‐free repair through HR was also evident, and HR‐mediated DSB repair occurring through gene conversion was observed.
Enzymology of mitochondrial DNA repair.
Mitochondrial DNA Instability in Mammalian Cells
TLDR
The newly discovered link between mtDNA instability and activation of the innate immune response is discussed, and current knowledge regarding the mitochondrial factors that may contribute to the tolerance or repair of various types of changes in the mitochondrial genome are reviewed.
Evaluation of DNA double-strand break repair capacity in human cells: Critical overview of current functional methods.
Top3α is the replicative topoisomerase in mitochondrial DNA replication.
TLDR
Together, the results indicate that the mitochondrial isoform of Top3α is not only involved in mtDNA segregation, as reported previously, but also supports the progression of the replication fork, with its absence affecting downstream transcript levels.
Beyond base excision repair: an evolving picture of mitochondrial DNA repair
TLDR
This work summarises the existing and emerging research, alongside examining proteomic evidence, demonstrating that mtDNA damage can be repaired using Base Excision Repair, Homologous Recombination and Microhomology-mediated End Joining.
Nonhomologous end joining: new accessory factors fine tune the machinery.
Unleashing a Novel Function of Endonuclease G in Mitochondrial Genome Instability
TLDR
A novel property of Endonuclease G is identified, besides its role in apoptosis, and the recently described ‘elimination of paternal mitochondria during fertilization’, which is dependent on the formation of G4 DNA within the mitochondrial genome.
Twist and Turn—Topoisomerase Functions in Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance
TLDR
The current knowledge about mitochondrial topoisomerases is summarized, paying special attention to mammalian mitochondrial genome maintenance and the open gaps in the existing knowledge of mtDNA topology control and the potential involvement of mitochondrial topisomerases in human pathologies are discussed.
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