• Corpus ID: 83881123

Holarctic insects adventive in Michigan: new and additional records (Homoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera).

@article{Wheeler1992HolarcticIA,
  title={Holarctic insects adventive in Michigan: new and additional records (Homoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera).},
  author={Wheeler},
  journal={Great Lakes Entomologist},
  year={1992},
  volume={25},
  pages={99-106}
}

• Wheeler
• Published 1992
• Biology
• Great Lakes Entomologist

Fourteen European insects in the Homoptera (4 species), Heteroptera (5), Coleoptera (4), and Neuroptera (1) are reported from Michigan. Ten are new state records (one new Ohio record is given). The point of entry for most of the species is assumed to be the northeastern United States or Maritime Prov­ inces of Canada. Possibilities of dispersal (natural and human-assisted) from centers of introduction in the Northeast, multiple introductions from Europe, and direct entry into the Great Lakes region are discussed. The adventive component of the New World fauna has long interested both basic and applied entomologists. Initially, all invading species merit attention, and those that appear to threaten North American agriculture (or be of biocontrol or medical significance) are monitored. Insects that pose little or no economic risk, however, are often forgotten soon after their detection. Spread from apparent points of entry is not tracked. New records accumulate unsystematically and merely tend to reflect the activity of collectors and identifiers. Records of nonindigenous species are most useful if based on intensive, systematic surveys over a wide area. But even isolated records can be impor­ tant, for they provide data potentially useful in assessing pathways of entry and dispersal from centers of introduction. If records of subsequent spread are not documented soon after detection, it becomes increasingly difficult to determine whether a particular insect is adventive or naturally Holarctic in the New World. If previously innocuous species common to the Old and New World should assume economic importance, then information on their North American distrihution and their biogeographic status (naturally Holarctic or adventive) becomes critical. Herein, Michigan records (and one from Ohio) of 14 adventive species (4 orders, 10 families) are listed; new state records are indicated by an asterisk. Arrangement of taxa below the ordinal level is alphabetical. All species were collected by the author (except the lygaeid Stygnocons rusticus) during 14-25 July 1991. Unless otherwise indicated (by numbers in parentheses or noting that a species was common or abundant), only one adult was collected at each locality. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the insect collections of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (CUIC), and the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (USNM). IBureau of Plant Industry, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA 17110. 1 Wheeler: Holarctic Insects Adventive in Michigan: New and Additional Recor Published by ValpoScholar, 1992 100 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 25, No.2 For each species, reference is made to the first North American record, and the current Nearctic distribution is summarized. In most cases, biological studies in North America are mentioned. Literature cited in these papers can be used to obtain information on seasonal history and habits in the Old Wovld. Homoptera: Cercopidae Aphrophora alm (Fallen). Moore's (1956) records from Ontario were the first for this European spittlebug in North America, although one specimen had been collected in 1927. Abundant in southern Ontario, A. alni occurs mainly within a 260-km radius of Toronto (Hamilton 1982). The first U. S. record was that of Hanna and Moore (1966) from Monroe County, Michigan, where it occurred along roadsides and edges of woods, especially on goldenrod. Hanna (1970) observed nymphs on various herbaceous plants in Monroe County and suggested that this cercopid had been introduced with European nursery stock. CHIPPEWA Co: Rotary Park, Sault Ste. Marie, 21-VII, on Alnus rugosa. *Lepyroma coleoptrata (L.). The first verified Nearctic records of this common Old World spittlebug were those of Russell (1962) from New York. It has since been reported from Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Vermont (Hoebeke and Hamilton 1983), and New Hampshire (Wheeler 1991). In Penn­ sylvania, this polyphagous immigrant develops mainly on roadside vegeta­ tion, particularly naturalized Eurasian composites such as Canada thistle (Cirsium aroense) and spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosal, and also crownvetch (Coronilla varia) (Wheeler 1991). BARAGA Co.: junco Rts. 28 and 41 S. of Alberta, 24-VII. GOGEBIC Co.: Rt. 64, 2.4 mi. N. of Rt. 2, 24-VIL HOUGHTON Co.: Rt. 28, 2 mi. W. of Kenton and Rt. 28 E. of Kenton, 24-VII. ONTONAGON Co.: Rt. 64, 2 mi. E. of Silver City, 24VII. Common along roadsides at all sites. Homoptera: Cicadellidae *Grypotes puncticollis (Herrich-Schaeffer). This deltocephaline leafhop­ per is a pine specialist known from most of continental Europe, England, northern Africa, and Turkey. In the New World, it has been recorded only from western New York (3 counties) and northeastern Pennsylvania (2 counties) (Wheeler 1989a). Collections of this adventive species were made from Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Swiss mountain pine (P. mugo) (Wheeler 1989a). WASHTENAWCo.: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 15-VII, common on Pinus banksiana, P. mugo, and P. sylvestris. OHIO: Lorain Co.: Oberlin College, Oberlin, 14-VII, common on P. sylvestris. Homoptera: Psyllidae *PsyHopsis fraxinicola (Forster). Smith (1910) usually is credited with the first North American record (e.g., Tuthill 1943, Hodkinson 1988), but the same locality (Atlantic City, New Jersey) had been published in a previous catalog of New Jersey insects (Smith 1900). An even earlier, overlooked record is that of Heidemann (1892) from Washington, D.C. Because P. fraxinicola is known from Washington (McAtee 1918, Tuthill 1943, Hodkinson 1988), including specimens collected during 1884-1890 (USNM), it can be assumed that it was the psyllid Heidemann observed on European ash rather than P. fraxini, another North American immigrant but one known only from New York (Tuthill 1943, Hodkinson 1988). Additional records of this European ash spe­ cialist are British Columbia, California, Idaho, Nova Scotia, and Utah (Hodkinson 1988). 2 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 25, No. 2 [1992], Art. 7 http://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol25/iss2/7 1992 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 101 MECOSTA Co.: Ferris State University, Big Rapids, 18-VII, abundant on Fraxinus excelsior. Heteroptera: Berytidae Berytinus minor (Herrich-Schaeffer). Walley (1935) gave the first North American record (Ontario) of this European stilt bug. The first U.S. record was Cheboygan County, Michigan (Harris 1941). It is now known from Con­ necticut, Maine, Massachusetts. New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Quebec, and West Virginia (Froeschner and Henry 1988), and from New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island (Scudder 1991). Berytinus minor presumably feeds on the roots of legumes such as white clover (Trifolium repens) (Wheeler 1970, 1979). CHIPPEWA Co.: De Tour Village, 19-VII, sweeping weeds. Heteroptera: Lygaeidae *Meg8lonotus s8bulicola (Thomson). This rhyparochromine is one of sev­ eral immigrant Heteroptera established in eastern and western North Amer­ ica. Reported from California by Van Duzee (1928) (as Rhyparochromus chira­ gra var. califomicus), M sabulicola was discovered in Connecticut by Slater and Sweet (1958). The recent North American catalog also lists it from British Columbia, Idaho, Maryland, Massachusetts, North Dakota, Oregon, Utah, and Washington (Ashlock and Slater 1988). Later records are Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, and West Virginia (Wheeler 1989b). This ground-dwelling bug feeds on fallen seeds of bachelor's­ button or cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) and spotted knapweed (C maculosa) in temporary habitats (Sweet 1964, Wheeler 1989b). ANTRIM Co.: Rt. 131,4 nii. N. of Alba, 18-VII, under Centaurea macu­ losa (4 adults, 1 nymph). CHIPPEWA Co.: Sault Ste. Marie, 21-VII, under C maculosa (7,2 nymphs). HOUGHTON Co.: Rt. 41, Quincy Mine Shaft NE of Hancock, 23-VII, under C maculosa (2 nymphs). MARQUETTE Co.: Mar­ quette, 25-VII, under C. maculosa (1 nymph). Stygnocoris rusticus (Fallen). Heidemann's (1908) New York record is the first for the Nearctic Region. A common Palearctic rhyparochromine, it since has been reported from British Columbia, Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, Michi­ gan, New York, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Vermont, Wash­ ington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin (Ashlock and Slater 1988, Asquith and Lattin 1991). It feeds on fallen seeds of composites such as tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium) (Sweet 1964, Wheeler 1983). Known in Michigan from Mason and Mecosta counties in the Lower Peninsula (Wheeler 1983), S. rustic us is here recorded from the Upper Peninsula. ONTONAGON Co.: Rt. 64, W. of Ontonagon, 24-VII, sweeping, T. J. Henry colI. *Stygnocoris s8bulosus (Schilling). Following early records from New York by Barber (1916) and Nova Scotia by Gibson (1917) [both as S. pedestris (Fallen)], this European seed predator has been reported trom British Colum­ bia, Connecticut. Maine, Massachusetts, Newfoundland, New Hampshire, Oregon, Quebec, and Washington (Slater 1964, Sweet 1964, Ashlock and Sla­ ter 1988, Asquith and Lattin 1991). Sweet (1964) studied its habits in New England; nymphs of this univoltine bug feed in the litter layer on seeds of composites and other plants. HOUGHTON Co.: Osceola. 23-VII, under Centaurea maculosa. 3 Wheeler: Holarctic Insects Adventive in Michigan: New and Additional Recor Published by ValpoScholar, 1992 102 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 25, No.2 Heteroptera: Rhopalidae *Rhop81us (Brachycarenus) tigrinus Schilling. First detected in New Jer­ sey (Hoebeke 1977), this common European rhopalid is now known from Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania (Hoebeke and Wheeler 1982, Wheeler and Hoebeke 1988). A crucifer specialist, R. tigrinus develops on naturalized species such as peppergrass (Lepidium virginicum) and shepherd's-purse (Cap­ sella bursapastoris) (Hoebeke and Wheeler 1982, Wheeler and Hoebeke